Textiles - Fibres and Fabrics
- Created by: Chanabix
- Created on: 08-05-13 09:36
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- Textiles - Fibres and Fabrics
- Cotton - natural
- Non static, always contains some moisture (20% not wet)
- Cool to wear (unle** brushed), bad insulation, naturally air permeable
- Highly absorbent (65% itself with no drip) but slow drying
- Comfortable unle** wet, good strength and durability but stronger when wet
- Poor elasticity, creases easily
- Biodegradble/ recyclable
- Shrinks, 6-10% extensibility
- Environmental i**ues
- Pesticides (let out chemicals when washed and can be harmful to environment/ animals) -> reduce pollution by growing organic cotton/use bio-pesticides which are lower cost and more environmentally friendly
- Genetic engineering -> development of high performance cottons to improve strength, length, appearance and thermal properties.
- Dyes -> deadly toxins released when washed, dried, dumped, etc. Use naturally coloured cottons - based on selection and replaces bleach/dye
- Chemical treatmeants -> le** biodegradble, reuse until decintigrated
- Care -> use of detergents, dry cleaning fluids, energy and water - cost/damage
- Land -> taken in poorer countries which would be used for food (poverty) and transport -> Co2 emi**ions
- Linen - natural
- Stronger wet than dry, lowest extensibility of all apparel fibres - 2%
- Fresh and cool to wear, poor insulator
- Highly absorbent but dirt-repellent and anti-microbias, doesn't soil easily and desn't shed lint, fast drying
- Stiffer and harder than cotton, firm handle, smooth surface and crisp/coarse, subdued lustre
- Good drape, strength and durability
- Poor elasticity, creases badly
- Non static - always contains some moisture
- Biodegradable/ recyclable
- Wool - natural
- Soft and warm to wear, coarse of flimsy
- Slow absorbency (hydrophobic - repels rain drops) but can absorb up to 1/3 weight in water without feeling wet, heavy when wet, very slow drying
- Fine wool is comfortable and coarse is scratchy
- Good drape, medium strength, not durable
- Very good elasticity, creases drop out
- May shrink
- Silk - natural
- Cool but good insulation
- Highly absorbent, slow drying, absorbs up to 1/3 its weight without feeling wet
- Very comfortable unle** wet
- Soft, fine handle, good drape, seen as a luxury fibre
- Good strength and durability, rotted by perspiration - brittlene**/stain/ colour change
- Poor elasticity, creases tend to fall out though
- Non-static, always contains some moisture
- Rub together = scroop sound like snow
- Ruined by steam
- Extensibility - 10-30%
- Acetate/triacetate - regenerated
- more elastic than viscose but creases easily
- subdued lustre
- closes approach to natural silk
- low absorbency, prone to statis
- air permeable naturally
- low warmth. thermoplastic and so sensitive to dry heat
- dyes well, dries rapidly
- biodegradable and recyclable
- Modal - regenerated
- silky, smooth, very soft handle, good drape, comfortable to wear
- poor elasticity - creases easily
- dyes to brilliant bright colours
- absorbs up to 50% more moisture than cotton, non-static as it always contains some moisture (11-14% moisture vapour) (swells and absorbs up to 80-120% water)
- naturally air permeable, low ability to trap air and so low warmth
- lower strength and durability than cotton but higher than viscose
- shrinks le** than viscose and breaking extension is 15-30% - more than double of cotton
- swells le** than viscose, more stable
- biodegradable and recyclable
- Viscose - regenerated
- fine, soft handle, good drape, comfortable to wear, lustre varies
- poor elasticity, creases easily
- dyes and prints to bright colours but shrinks
- more absorbent than cotton, non-static because it always contains some moisture
- naturally air permeable - 11-14% of water vapour absorbed and 80-120% water
- low ability to trap air - low warmth
- lower strength and durability than cotton, weaker than cotton dry and wet is only 40-70% of dry, can tear when wet
- swells in water - causes to shrink, 15-30% extensibility
- biodegradable and recyclable - inexpensive to produce
- Lyocell/ Tencell - regenerated
- finene** can be similar to cotton or wool
- properties of comfort comparable to other cellulosic fibres
- good wet (lower than dry) and dry strength (better than mid-grade cotton) - usually better than man-made celluloisic fibres
- extensibility - 10-14% higher than cotton
- elasticity is low (as with all celluloisic fibres)
- moisture absorption le** than viscose, more than cotton - non-statiic
- Environmental i**ues
- 1 - spinning is clean and simple and the only raw materials are wood cellulose and water, spun using wood plup from forests where the replanting rates exceed the usage
- Nylon (polyamide) - synthetic
- textured filaments trap air making it insulting, flat filaments don't so it is not insultated
- non absorbent - prone to static - textured filaments transport moisture away from the body (wicking)
- thermoplastic - sensitive to dry heat, textured and heat-set
- very strong and durable (tear resist), fine and soft or firm depending on fibre finene**, fabric construction and finishing
- wind proof, hydrophobic water-repellent, easy-care, lightweight, flammable
- good elasticity, good crease resist
- resist to mildew, alkali's solvents and fungus
- degraded by concentrated acids
- dyes well - sunlight = lost strength and yellows
- air permeable comfort engineered, high extensibilty wet and dry
- non-biodegradable or renwerable
- Polyester - synthetic
- soft or firm handle - range from microfibres to course fibres (fine and soft or firm) - depends on fibre finene**, fabric construction and finishing
- good elasticity, crease resist, good drape
- resist to acids, alkali'**, solvent, mildew and fungus
- non renewable but can be recycled - 25 plastic bottles = 1 jumper
- dyes well but yellows and loses strength in sunlight
- textured , bulked and heat set - sensitive to dry heat (thermoplastic)
- low warmth on flat filaments, insulating on textured filaments
- very low absorbency - hydrophobic
- comfortable but prone to static - contains no moisture
- microfibres air permeable, coarse fibres can be ajusted to be
- very strong and durable
- easy-care, lightweight, good heat resist
- textured filaments transport moisture away from the body
- Acrylic - synthetic
- low absorbency, fast drying, prone to static (contains no moisture)
- good strength, crease resist, very good elasticity
- warm, easy-care
- thermoplastic - sensitive to steam and heat, can result in shrinkage
- non renewable resource
- fast drying, comfortable good drape, soft wool-like handle
- PVC - synthetic
- flexible, strong and durable
- air permeable, easy-care, waterproof
- good insulation
- thermoplastic
- non-flammable
- non-renewable
- anti-bacterial finish for medical textiles
- Lycra/elastane - synthetic
- stretches up to 7x original length and recovers when tension is released
- supple fabric with enhanced drape
- comfortable and crease resistant
- chlorine resist - comfort in swimwear and lasting fit in leather and washable, crease resistant linen
- absorbent (non-static - always contains some moisture), easy care
- non-renewable
- good strength, improves body shaping and shape relention
- adds softne**/firm handle
- precise combination of yarn thickne**, texture, brightne** and stretch performance to suit end use - engineered
- dyes well
- Cotton - natural
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