s - Mindmap in All Levels Sociology

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Created by: EmmaMoogan
Created on: 13-02-23 17:07

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Demography 4.2
- The ageing population
  - There is now an equal number of people aged over 65 than those under the age of 15
  - Advantage of an ageing population
    - Boosting the economy - emergence of the new market
    - Community involvement - 4.9 million people over the age of 65 participated in volunteer work.
    - Family support - Unpaid childcare and household tasks.
  - Disadvantages of an ageing population
    - A shift in the dependency ratio-more old people claiming pensions
    - An increase in one person pensioner households
    - Increase strain on public services
    - A rise in poverty and hardship
  - Social construction of ageing as a 'problem'
    - Pension time bomb. 'Ageism' portrays the old as venerable, incompetent or irrational and a burden as a society. However, in other countries the elderly are valued
  - Policy Implications - Hirsch argues that social policy must change to persuade people to retire later and more investment is needed to remain employable in later life.
- Migration
  - Immigration is the movement of people into an area or society
  - Emigration is the movement of people out of an area of society
  - Set migration refers to the difference between the number of people emigrating and immigrating
  - Push factors = war, famine, weather and unemployment
  - Pull factors= weather, economic recession and higher employement
- Demographic effects on family types
  - Dual-earner families = children are an economic liability
  - Teenage lone parent families = Giddens plastic sexuality
  - Childless families = children are an economic liability. Individualisation
  - Beanpole families = Increase in ageing population and lower birth rates