Russification
- Created by: 14randalloli
- Created on: 17-04-20 13:33
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- Russification
- Resistance to Russification
- June 1888- Dept. of Police estimated 332 cases of mass disturbance across 61/92 provinces and districts
- Particularly angered the wealthy and well-educated in the Westerly empire
- Antisemitism
- Impact of Antisemitism
- Many Jews left; some deported from 1890
- Winter 1891-2, around 10,000 Jwish artisans expelled from Moscow where they had legally settled under Alex II
- Drove some Jews to revolutionary groups eg Trotsky, Martov, Zinoviev and Litvinov
- Many Jews left; some deported from 1890
- Pogroms
- Broke out in 1881, Jews were easy to locate because they all resided in the Pale
- Unknown cause-- may have been business competition or rumours from the Okhrana
- 'Holy League' organised by Pobedonostev coordinated early attacks until banned in 1882
- Property burnt. rapes and murders
- Affected 16 major cities
- Mainly ended in 1884, but some sporadic pogroms up until 1886
- May Laws 1882- Restricted Jews' movement and liberties
- Effectively condemned Jews to ghettos
- Broke out in 1881, Jews were easy to locate because they all resided in the Pale
- 5 million Jews in the empire confined to the Pale of Settlement since 1736
- A very select few were allowed to live outside the Pale until Alexander III was scared by Polish revolt
- Non-Jewish Russians disliked the Jews riches and money-lending capabilities
- The right-wing encouraged the belief that the Jews were involved in opposition and Alexander II's assassination
- Impact of Antisemitism
- Range of ethnic minorities (1/3 of population) made Russification difficult
- 1830-Polish nationalism; 1840s- Finnish language pressure group
- Siberian uprisings crushed in 1880s and 90s
- Polish rebellion crushed in 1864; 200,000 Poles involved
- Concessions
- Finns had their own parliament ('diet')
- Reorganised and weakened in 1892
- 1864-75 decrees allowed Latvians and Estonians to revert to Lutheranism
- Finns had their own parliament ('diet')
- Conservatism towards the end of Alex II's reign saw hostility-garnering measures
- Eg 1876- Prohibiting the use of the Ukrainian language in publications or performances
- Language further suppressed in 1883
- Eg 1876- Prohibiting the use of the Ukrainian language in publications or performances
- Especially strong in areas bordering Germany- who had successfully 'Germanised'
- Except Austro-Hungary, where the Russians felt Germany had not imposed itself enough!
- Religion- orthodoxy encouraged, causing 37500 Baltic Lutherans to convert.
- Catholic monasteries closed in Poland
- All-Russian Orthodox Missionary Society worked to convert 'heathens and Muslims'
- Catholic monasteries closed in Poland
- Resistance to Russification
- Antisemitism
- Impact of Antisemitism
- Many Jews left; some deported from 1890
- Winter 1891-2, around 10,000 Jwish artisans expelled from Moscow where they had legally settled under Alex II
- Drove some Jews to revolutionary groups eg Trotsky, Martov, Zinoviev and Litvinov
- Many Jews left; some deported from 1890
- Pogroms
- Broke out in 1881, Jews were easy to locate because they all resided in the Pale
- Unknown cause-- may have been business competition or rumours from the Okhrana
- 'Holy League' organised by Pobedonostev coordinated early attacks until banned in 1882
- Property burnt. rapes and murders
- Affected 16 major cities
- Mainly ended in 1884, but some sporadic pogroms up until 1886
- May Laws 1882- Restricted Jews' movement and liberties
- Effectively condemned Jews to ghettos
- Broke out in 1881, Jews were easy to locate because they all resided in the Pale
- 5 million Jews in the empire confined to the Pale of Settlement since 1736
- A very select few were allowed to live outside the Pale until Alexander III was scared by Polish revolt
- Non-Jewish Russians disliked the Jews riches and money-lending capabilities
- The right-wing encouraged the belief that the Jews were involved in opposition and Alexander II's assassination
- Impact of Antisemitism
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