Political and Religious Radical Groups, 1640s and 1650s
- Created by: Clodagh
- Created on: 07-05-14 12:04
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- Political and Religious Radical Groups, 1640s and 1650s
- Fifth Monarchists
- Key Figures
- Major-General Thomas Harrison
- Vavasor Powell
- Morgan Llwyd
- John Rogers
- Supporters
- Army
- Ideas
- Belief in the imminent establishment of the kingdom of heaven on earth
- Wanted a regime run by the 'Saints'
- Belief derived from millenarianism
- The Rump prevents the establishment of godly rule
- Opposed the Protectorate
- Influence and Level of Threat
- There were only 12 or 13 Fifth Monarchists in parliament
- The Nominated Assembly may have been the height of the influence of this group on central government but the influence was limited
- Cromwell placed some temporarily in prisons
- Key Figures
- Ranters
- Dates
- Late 1640s
- Key Figures
- Laurence Clarkson
- Thomas Webb
- Ideas
- Believed in predestination - a logical conclusion that they could live life as they wanted
- Some denied that God existed independently
- He could be a man or nature
- Millenarianism seen as a part of Ranter writings
- Focus on blasphemy and excesses
- Influence and Level of Threat
- Feared by the Conservative gentry
- No Ranter work was printed after 1650
- There is little evidence of organisations or groups
- There was a lack of Ranter movement - did they exist?
- Dates
- Independents or Congregationalists
- Key Figures
- Cromwell
- Ideas
- Separatist or Independent Protestant congregations
- Influence or Level of Threat
- Extreme sectaries threatened to create religious chaos
- Key Figures
- Baptists
- Dates
- before 1640s
- Key Figures
- Paul Hobson
- Charles Fleetwood
- William Packer
- Robert Bennet
- Henry Lawrence
- Supporters
- Cromwell (toleration)
- Ideas
- Practice of 'believers' - adult baptism
- Church of England was not a true Church and only true believers should commune together in a separate church
- Strict Biblicism
- Equality within a church structure of voluntary members
- Millenarianism
- Anti-Catholicism
- Particular Baptists were more Calvinist
- Influence and Level of Threat
- Its development was helped by divisions between Presbyterians and Independents
- There were some Baptists preaching in regiments of the Neew Model Army
- Used propaganda
- By 1660 there were about 25,000 Baptists
- Dates
- The Quakers
- Dates
- Late 1640s
- Key Figures
- Margaret Fell
- George Fox
- James Nayler
- Ideas
- Rejected formalism of most religions (no ceremony or structure of ministers)
- Rejected predestination
- Carried inner light
- Worship was informal 'meetings'
- Women seen as equal
- Literal interpretation of Jesus' teachings
- Influence and Level of Threat
- Had support from almost 60,000
- Revolutionary group
- After 1660 they became pacifists
- Dates
- Seekers
- Dates
- 1646
- Key Figures
- Thomas Edwards
- William Erbery
- John Milton
- Ideas
- Producing a negative image of all religious radical groups
- Rejected the established church
- Reliance on revelation through the Holy Spirit
- Antinomianism (those destined to achieve salvation could not sin)
- Influence and Level of Threat
- Little influence
- Dates
- Muggletonians
- Dates
- 1652
- Key Figures
- John Robins
- John Reeve
- Lodowick Muggleton
- Ideas
- Claimed to be the reincarnation of Christ
- Witnesses of revelation
- Millenarians
- Influence and Level of Threat
- Support bases in London and the South
- Underground organisation
- Little political influence - imprisoned 1653
- Dates
- Fifth Monarchists
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