The role of Cromwell 1640-58
- Created by: Tori
- Created on: 12-04-20 15:14
View mindmap
- The role of Cromwell, 1640-58
- 1640-49
- Emerged as a national figure through his military success during the Civil War.
- He remained in Parliament, aswell as his role as an officer.
- It was the New Model Army's politicisation that Cromwell became more significant.
- However, it can be argued that Cromwell's Son-in-law (Ireton) was more of a driving force in the King's execution.
- Emerged as a national figure through his military success during the Civil War.
- 1649-53
- After Charles' execution, Cromwell's political influence was moved to the necessity of him leading campaigns against the Irish and then the Scots.
- For this he became the commander-in-cheif of the New Model Army in June 1650.
- Only after the defeat of the Scots in 1651, Cromwell returned to London to once again impose himself more directly on the political process.
- Explains the dissolution of both the Rump and the Nominated Assembly in 1653.
- After Charles' execution, Cromwell's political influence was moved to the necessity of him leading campaigns against the Irish and then the Scots.
- First Protectorate Parliament, 1654-55
- Cromwell hoped that the Protectorate would bring stability to political and national life.
- Also hoped that it would secure support of a broad spectrum of opinion.
- The First Protectorate Parliament met in September 1654, it showed non of the harmony he had hoped for.
- 100 members refused to sign the Instrument of Government and withdrew from Parliament.
- Attempts were made to reduce the size of the army.
- Powerful attacks were mounted against the principle of religious liberty.
- Frustrated by Parliament's attitudes, Cromwell dissolved the assembly in January 1655.
- Cromwell hoped that the Protectorate would bring stability to political and national life.
- The rule of major generals
- Cromwell didn't immediately call a new Parliament.
- Instead he imposed direct military rule across England.
- 11 major generals were appointed to rule different areas of the country.
- They were to provide military security, but Cromwell's main intention was that they would carry out a national reform of morals and behaviour.
- They were empowered to supress taverns and brothels, and to punish adultery, blasphemy and drunkenness.
- They were to provide military security, but Cromwell's main intention was that they would carry out a national reform of morals and behaviour.
- The major generals experiment highlighted the fundamental tensions between reform and stability which characterised the entire period of republican rule.
- Cromwell didn't immediately call a new Parliament.
- The Second Protectorate Parliament, 1656-58
- Met in September 1656 and, again, 100 MPs were excluded.
- In March 1657 parliament presented Cromwell with the 'Humble Petition and Advice'.
- Offered the Protector the crown of England.
- Strong opposition from the army and religious radicals persuaded Cromwell to refuse the offer in May.
- However, he did accept the office of Lord Protector for life, with the power to choose his successor.
- The end of the Protectorate, 1658-60
- Cromwell died in September 1658 and his son Richard took over.
- Richard had little political experience and had no strong links with the New Model Army, the key power group.
- Richard was removed from office in 1659 by the army's leader.
- Richard had little political experience and had no strong links with the New Model Army, the key power group.
- Political instability followed Richard's removal.
- This was caused by the inability of military and civilian groups to agree on the future government of the country.
- Order was restored by General Geroge Monk.
- He was the commander of the army in Scotland.
- Crossed into England in 1660.
- As he marched to London he was met with many petitions for the restoration of the monarchy.
- Elections were held for a new parliament, and the Convention Parliament met in April 1660.
- Parliament resolved to restore the traditional government of the King, Lords and Commons.
- 29th May 1660, Chalres II was welcomed on his return to London from exile abroad.
- Parliament resolved to restore the traditional government of the King, Lords and Commons.
- Elections were held for a new parliament, and the Convention Parliament met in April 1660.
- He was the commander of the army in Scotland.
- Cromwell died in September 1658 and his son Richard took over.
- 1640-49
Comments
No comments have yet been made