unit 2 Organic Chemistry only
- Created by: nishat
- Created on: 09-04-13 16:59
View mindmap
- organic chemistry
- organic compound formulae
- Alkanes: CnH2n+2
- Func.: C-C
- Alkenes: CnH2n
- Func.: C=C
- Alycyclic alkene: CnH2n-2
- Alcohols-OH,
- Aldehydes -al
- Ketones-one
- Alkanes: CnH2n+2
- Alkanes
- single C-C bonds only = sigma bonds only
- substitution reaction= FREE RADICAL Substituiton
- Initiation , propagation, termination
- complete combustion= co2 + H20
- incomplete = co + H20
- Further processing
- isomerisation
- there are structural & stereoisomers
- isomerisation
- alkenes
- Consist of C=C double bonds
- can form stereoisomers & E/z ismoers
- Addition Reaction
- electrophilic
- hydrogenation: Ni cat. & 150 temp. = veg oils to spreadable fats
- halogenation= added across c=c
- Bromine test for unsatu. positive= colourless-orange
- Addition of steam at high temp & pressure H3pO4 cat= ALCOHOL
- hydrogen hallides
- unsymmetrical alkenes= 2 products
- Bond enthalpies
- measure strength of covalent bonds
- Show: C=C stronger than C-C & pi bond weaker than sigma
- 2 sigma & 1 Pi
- in reaction pi breaks only.
- Shape
- 3 Bond pairs, trig. plan. 120 BA.
- Cyclic: closed ring strct. of C
- Shape
- in reaction pi breaks only.
- Polymers
- monomers join to form polymers
- Reaction= addition POLYMERISATION
- carried out: radical polymerisation & Ziegler-Natta
- Has gen. formula. monomer has C=C, polymer does NOT only C-C
- types
- polystyrene
- Poly(ethene)
- Polypropylene
- Biodegradable beginning to replace
- broken down by bacterial activity in to co2 & h2o
- manufactured in on hazerdous way
- Waste
- recycled
- Sorting and Relcamaiton
- Feedstock recycling
- burned to release heat energy
- recycled
- Bond Fission
- homolytic
- heterolytic
- Fractional Distillation
- uses bp of diff. compounds to seperates components in a liquid mixture into fractions.
- first vapourised then passed through fractionating column
- chain length an branching
- increasing chain length=more points of contact=greater VDW more energy needed to separate molecules
- branching had opposite effect.
- increasing chain length=more points of contact=greater VDW more energy needed to separate molecules
- %yield= actual/ theoretical (moles of limiting) X 100
- Atom Econ.= molecular mass of desired prod. / sum mol. mass of all products.
- organic compound formulae
Comments
No comments have yet been made