Nature vs Nurture unit 1

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  • Nature
    • Abnormality in chromosomes:down's syndrome, klinfelter syndrome, colour blindness
    • Recessive genes: must be passed on from both parents inorder for the child to have it, e.g.cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria, duchenne muscular dystrophy
    • Dominant genes: a defective gene that can be passed on from one parent or both. e.g. brittle bone disease, huntingtons disease.
    • Diathesis -  a predispostition or vulnerability to mental disorders due to an abnormality in the brain or nuerotransmitters
    • E.g. Maturation theroy (Gesell), LAD (Chomsky)
    • Nature vs Nurture
      • Nurture
        • e.g. Social learning theory (Bandura)
        • Stresses: traumatic events in a persons life, e.g. relationships, abuse, culture
        • pollution happens when harmful substanves contaminate the atmosphere. Pollutants are taken into the body via the nose and mouth or through the skin
          • outdoor pollutants: traffic fumes, domestic fumes, industry, pesticides
          • indoor pollutants: cleaning chemicals, aerosols, cigarette smoke, mould/bacteria
          • condtions caused: respiratory disorders, cardiovascular problems, allergies
        • possible effets of housing conditions
          • poor ventilation/damp, overcrowding, inadequate heating, lack of outoor space, poor sanitation/vermin
          • people most at risk: infants, people wit existing respiratory disorders, elderly
      • Other factors: lifestyle, life events, availability of preventative treatments
    • Genetic susceptibility to disease: cancer, high blood cholesterol, diabetes
    • Biological factors: mother's lifestyle , poor diet drug use, alchohol use, smoking
      • Effects on development: low birth weight, premature birth, long-term health problems, learning disabilities, developmental delay, congential effects
    • Maternal infections: infections (e.g. rubella) can be passed on to the baby in the womb, and may cause health problems, congential defects, still birth, miscarriage
    • Feotal alcohol syndrome: exposure to alcohol in the womb. This can cause small head circumference, neurological prolems, abnormal growth, developmental delay, facial abnormalities
    • Factors contributing to congenitaal abnormalities: Genetic, nutritional, environmental, infections

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