GCSE PE: MUSCLES

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  • Muscles
    • Types of Muscles
      • Involuntary (smooth muscle)
        • located through the middle layer of blood vessels & found in the organs of the digestive, circulatory &urinary systems
        • Muscles you don't have control over
          • Expelling waste from body
      • Cardiac
        • not under conscious control
        • Contracts & relaxes continuously
      • Voluntary
        • Muscles that you choose to use
        • attach bones via tendons
        • crucial to creating movement
    • Antagonistic pairs
      • Agonist
        • Agonist= contracting
    • vascular shunting
      • vascular = vessels
      • Lumen = change size of diameter of blood vessels
      • 80% of blood in body goes to brain, digesting food etc..
      • 20% of blood in body goes to muscles but released when sitting down
      • vasoconstruction = narrowing
      • redistribution of blood
      • process of blood being directed to muscles during exercise
    • Muscle fibres
      • Type 1
        • low intensity activity
        • slow twitch
        • long distance
        • work aerobically (long periods of time)
        • dark red in colour
        • use oxygen to release energy
        • high fatigue resistance
        • high aerobic capacity
      • Type 11a
        • high intensity activity
        • fast twitch
        • high speed & force of contraction
        • 400m/800m
        • train to become more endurance based
        • pink/red in colour
        • work anaerobically
        • good strength & speed endurance
      • Type 11x
        • fast twitch
        • low aerobic capacity
        • work anaerobically
        • low fatigue resistance
        • high speed & force of contraction
        • white in colour
        • short sprint
        • linked to high intensity activity
  • antagonistic = relaxing
    • Antagonistic
      • Antagonistic pairs
        • Agonist
          • Agonist= contracting
  • Two muscles that work together to bring about movement
    • one muscle contacts whilst another muscle relaxes
      • this allow the contracting muscle to pull on the tendon
        • for example: bicep & tricep OR Quadriceps & Hamstring OR Hip flexors & gluteals OR Gastrocnemius & tibialis anterior

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