memory errors and social influence
- Created by: BKW
- Created on: 20-05-19 10:56
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- Memory errors related to social influence
- misinformation
- Loftus 1974 showed there is an indirect social component in memory
- pps witnessed an event then asked a incorrectly suggestive question
- eg "did the car stop at the stop sign?" it was infact a yield sign
- pps witnessed an event then asked a incorrectly suggestive question
- Loftus 1974 showed there is an indirect social component in memory
- social contagion by Roedigeer et al 2001
- the social transmission of false memory
- pps and confederate view 6 pics of house scene - for 2 scenes the confederate makes false recall
- one group looked at scene for 15 secs, other group 60s
- also manipulated semantic relatedness of item eg a wheelbarrow is likely to be in a garden scene not a photo frame.
- found strong effect of social influence and more likely to conform when memory was weaker and probability of item being there is high
- also manipulated semantic relatedness of item eg a wheelbarrow is likely to be in a garden scene not a photo frame.
- one group looked at scene for 15 secs, other group 60s
- pps and confederate view 6 pics of house scene - for 2 scenes the confederate makes false recall
- the social transmission of false memory
- evolutionary explanation
- it makes sense to rely on others for accurate info
- Allan and Gabbert 2008 found little evidence long term social influence effects accuracy of memories BUT false memories tend to last longer
- presented same house scene as Roediger but some confederates gave answers with confidence and some not so much - confidence has an effect
- suggest a lack of social influence relates to attentional factors - false memories capture attention more
- Discrepancy detection hypothesis = false memories stand out morebut not much more (they still need to be semantically related to event
- Collaborative inhibition by Weldon and Bellinger 1997
- does rememberinin groups = better performance in recall
- Collaborative recall is better than individual memory BUT worse than nominal group recall
- nominal recall/ collaboration inhibition is always best!
- WHY?
- SOCIAL LOAFING - people don't work as hard
- not wanting to show off/ give others a chance
- PRODUCTION BLOCKING -cant all recall at same time, while soeone else is recalling you are forgetting
- WHY?
- nominal recall/ collaboration inhibition is always best!
- Collaborative recall is better than individual memory BUT worse than nominal group recall
- does rememberinin groups = better performance in recall
- Are memory errors adaptive
- Schacter 1999 "memory is adapted to retaininfo that is most likely to be needed in environment that it operates"
- so we forget things we don't need and persistence and memory is crucial for survival
- Schacter 1999 "memory is adapted to retaininfo that is most likely to be needed in environment that it operates"
- Tim McVeigh 1995
- carried out the Oklahoma city bombing
- WITNESS1 claimed he saw 2 men, WITNESS 2 claimed he only saw 1 - after witness 2 came forward witness 1 changed his statement
- carried out the Oklahoma city bombing
- Sherrif Autokinetic movement illusion
- a stationary source of light in a room may be perceived to be moving
- A confederate says dot was travelling long distance and pps would agree. this effect can last upto a year
- a stationary source of light in a room may be perceived to be moving
- Asch's conformity line exp
- asked a group of pps - 1 niave pp and rest were confederates to match a line to 1/3 other lines
- in 1st 2 trials confederate respnses were correct but in a later trial they were clearly wrong
- 75% of pps conformed in at least 1 incorrect trial, but when tested on their own after they were always correct
- in 1st 2 trials confederate respnses were correct but in a later trial they were clearly wrong
- asked a group of pps - 1 niave pp and rest were confederates to match a line to 1/3 other lines
- Normative influence
- motivated by the need to be accepted by a group
- influenced by size, attractivenessinterdependence of group
- public conformity no private change
- Aschs study
- motivated by the need to be accepted by a group
- Informational influence
- motivated by need to be accurate
- public and private change
- sheriffs study
- public and private change
- motivated by need to be accurate
- misinformation
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