Living with volcanoes Japan and Indonesia

Created by: AlexMaltby
Created on: 04-02-22 15:51

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Living with volcanoes
- Japan
  - Tectonic Setting
    - 110 active volcanoes
    - Located at meeting of four tectonic plates
      - widespread subduction leads to volatile volcanic activity
  - Mount Ontake, Japan
    - Strato-volcano, on Japan's largest island Honshu.
    - 3000m, dormant until series of eruptions in 1980
      - followed by eruptions in 1991 and 2007
    - was a popular tourist destination for climbers and trekkers and a place of spiritual pilgrimage
    - 27 September 2014 violent eruption, killed 63 people
      - Large area of effect from lahars, ash fall, pyroclastic flow
      - Japanese priminister ordered the military to assist
      - Air space was closed for some time after the eruption
- Indonesia
  - Archipelago straddling tectonic plate boundaries
    - Huge number of active volcanoes
    - More than 3/4 of Indonesia population live within 100km of recently erupted volcano
  - Endured more physical, monetary, and human damage because of volcanoes than any other country
  - Tectonic Setting
    - Widespread subduction along entire 3000km length
      - Much of Indonesia is island arc
    - To east of the islands, continental shelf of north Australia collides with Eurasia, very high seismicity and volcanicity.
    - Highly explosive eruptions - Krakatau 1883, devastating tsunami
  - Merapi
    - Strato-volcano ~ 3000m -> eruption events in 1994,97, 2001,06
      - All produced pyroclastic flows (3-4 VEI)
    - 2010 eruption VEI 4 -> pyroclastic flows extended 4km north, 11.5km west, 7km east, 15km south
      - Lava bombs thrown 4km from summit
        lahars triggered causing closure of Yogyakarta airport
      - Over 367 people killed, 277 injured, 410,000 made refugees
        infrastructure decimated

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Living with volcanoes Japan and Indonesia

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