Language - Reading Acquisition & disorders (W3&4)

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  • Language : Reading, Acquisition, Disorders
    • Key Theories
      • J,PIAGET: Language reflects cognitive structures
      • CHOMSKY: LAD (Innate Language Acquisition Device- whilst environment supplies content, the individual is born with their grammar capacity)
      • SKINNER & BANDURA: Learning theory - environmental input and learning.
      • WUNDT: The importance of the sentence
        • PAUL : The importance of the word
    • DEF: Arbitrary symbols that taken together transmit and understand messages in spite of noise and distraction. Infinite Variety.
    • Principles of Language
      • Spontaneously learned within < 5 years of life.
      • GRAMMAR - rules for language to function : allows for determination of HOW the language is translated – changing meaning.
        • PHONOLOGY: Knowledge of the sound system eg: HOP & HOPE
        • SEMANTICS : Knowledge of the meaning EG: Morphemes : PRE / Plural S
        • SYNTAX: Knowledge of the relationship between sound and meaningEG: The dog chased the… followed by NOUN
          • 1. Generative Grammar (the grammar and words needed to articulate an idea.
            • 2. Deep Structure (the transformed final sentence)
              • 3. Surface Structure (the form the sentence takes- execution)
      • Scripts  - knowledge of the world allows for the induction of scripts to follow in conversation – gives context to conversation
      • Mental Lexicon – is the mental dictionary to access meaning (semantics) – associative cortex's and auditory comprehension.
        • Gestures – allow for further clarification and expression of verbal expression.
          • Saccades- rapid eye movement allowing for quick input eg: skim reading.
    • Language Development
      • Pre Linguistic
        • 0-12months
      • 1 word
        • 12< 18M
      • 2 Word
        • Stage 1 Grammar : (18< 30M)
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