PS2020 Language

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Phonological acquisition refers to...
how listeners make sense of sound
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Morphological acquisition refers to...
how modification of a word changes it's meaning
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Lexical acquisition refers to...
how listeners understand word meaning
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Syntactic acquisition refers to...
how listeners understand the rules of language
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Infants are able to differentiate between phonemes of all languages up until what point?
12 months
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a child makes an under-extension when...
they think the word 'kitten' only refers to their pet
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what does the distributional learning theory state?
children begin with item specific knowledge, and slowly learn to generalise
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Generally at 6 months, children are...
babbling
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Generally at 12 months, children are...
producing first full words
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Generally at 2 years, children are...
producing very simple sentences
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The Nativism/Rationalism approach...
emphasises the importance of genes in language acquisition. It predicts that language is robust to cognitive deficits or impoverished input.
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The Behaviourism/Empiricism approach...
emphasises the importance of the environment in language acquisition. It predicts that language follows the richness of input.
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The Cognitivism approach...
emphasises the importance of cognitive maturation in language acquisition. It predicts that language is limited by cognitive deficit.
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Specific Language Impairment is _____. It provides evidence for the ______ approach.
a disorder that causes slow speech and grammatical errors but normal IQ / nativism/rationalism
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____ is a language developed by children exposed to ____.
creole / pidgin
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certain languages are called shallow orthography languages because....
grapheme-phoneme conversion is regular
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According to the dual-route model, how do we understand irregular words (e.g. yacht, pint)?
orthographic lexicon --> meaning
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the pre alphabetic phase is when...
children learn a link between salient visual features of a word and either how it sounds, or what it means.
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the partial alphabetic phase is when...
children acquire partial knowledge of grapheme-phoneme conversion correspondences
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the full alphabetic phase is when...
children can read words they have never seen before
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the consolidated alphabetic phase is when...
the lexical identification route is fully developed
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explicit phonological awareness refers to...
the ability to manipulate sounds to create new words
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in regards to teaching children how to read, what is most effective (at least for English speaking people)?
the alphabetic/phonic method
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what is surface dyslexia?
when the lexical identification route is impaired
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according to research by Seidenberg et al. (1984), which route is faster?
orthographical lexicon --> lexical identification --> phonology
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according to the immediacy of interpretation principle, what would happen if the word 'barber' in the sentence "the friend talked as the barber trimmed the moustache after lunch" was replaced with 'person'?
fixation time for the word 'moustache' would increase
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lexical ambiguity refers to...
when word meaning is unclear
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syntactic ambiguity refers to...
when sentence structure is unclear
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what is it called when a sentence is structured in a way to make you believe one syntactic meaning when the other is true?
garden path sentence
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a category is to a concept as a _____ is to a _____.
plan / idea
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what is a common issue with similarity theories of categorisation?
they struggle to explain ad-hoc categories
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Gibbs (1979) study provides support for which view?
single stage view
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what is it called when someone uses the name of one thing to refer to another thing with which it is associated?
metonymy
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what did Rundblad & Annaz (2010) find in relation to autistic children?
a general deficit in nonliteral language
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what does a phonological frame do?
specifies the sequence of consonants and vowels needed to form a word
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"you tasted the whole worm" - what is this an example of?
a spoonerism
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"talk about red trape" - what is this an example of?
phoneme error
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what is the consonant-vowel rule?
consonants only swap with consonants, and vowels with vowels
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what does the SLIP technique make use of?
the lexical bias effect
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the study by Motley & Baars (1979) provides evidence for the idea that speech errors are caused by Freudian slips - true or false?
true (to an extent)
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What does the word bias effect suggest about phonological planning?
there is interaction between layers
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Who proposed that cognitive development determines the course of language development?
Piaget
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Who proposed that language and cognition are independent concepts?
Chomsky
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Who proposed that language and cognition originate independently but become interdependent?
Vygotsky
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Who proposed that language determines cognition?
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Morphological acquisition refers to...

Back

how modification of a word changes it's meaning

Card 3

Front

Lexical acquisition refers to...

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Syntactic acquisition refers to...

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Infants are able to differentiate between phonemes of all languages up until what point?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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