TB7 DL Lecture 4 MCQs; Reading comprehension +impairments
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- Created by: mint75
- Created on: 02-12-15 16:07
What is reading comprehension? (RC)
The construction of a mental model based on printed text and prior knowledge
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What is local coherence?
Making sense of relations within and between adjacent sentences through cohesive devices + sentence context
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What is global coherence?
Achieved if the sentences relate both together and to an overall theme
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What is fluent word decoding strongly associated with?
Early reading comprehension, around 6-7 years
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What can vocabulary knowledge be measured with?
Expressive or receptive tests, measuring breadth and/or depth
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What is vocabulary strongly correlated with?
RC = longitudinally and concurrently, aswell as depth and RC
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What is the core basis of the lexical quality hypothesis?
A word basis for the ease with which readers intergrate information in sentences as they read
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In the lexical quality hypothesis, what is meant by 'lexical quality?'
The distinctness and completeness of a representation of a word reflects its quality. Includes phonological, semantic and orthographic info
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What becomes increasingly important for RC with age?
Morphological awareness
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What is inference generation important for?
Establishing local and global coherence
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What is a cohesive inference?
Used to establish and maintain links between premises in the text
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What is an elaborative inference?
Based on prior knowledge, not necessary to understand the text but aids in cohesion
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What is comprehension monitering?
Checking whether incoming information fits with the current representation of the situation
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What is meant by a 'standard of coherence' in comprehension monitering?
A readers expectation of how good their mental model should be explaining individual variance
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What did Oakhill Cains (2012) study suggest?
The skills necessary for effective RC shift with an increase in age
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What % of 7-11 year olds are thought to be poor comprehenders in the UK?
10
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What did Nation & Snowlings (1998) study show?
Poor comprehenders had intact rhyme judgement (similar to controls) and impaired synonym judgement (21.3 error compared to 9.4)
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Do poor comprehenders have deficits in receptive AND expressive vocabulary?
Yes
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How is the profile of a poor comprehender explained at a cognitive level?
A semantic access problem. Poor quality representations impede comprehension/swift and effective retrieval.
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What are some broader oral language weaknesses of the poor comprehender?
Morphosyntax, receptive grammar
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What % of poor comprehenders meet the criteria for SLI?
35
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What have few studies investigated re; semantic deficits in poor comprehenders?
Impairments in the vocabulary acquisition process, PC can often have intact immediate learning which decays after a delay
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What is the alternative view of RC impairment posited by the Oakhill/Cain group?
It is deficits in HIGH level processes that impede RC independent of a semantic deficit
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What are poor comprehenders less likely to do whilst reading text? (Yuill & Oakhill, 1991)
Resolve anomalies in text even after being explicity told of them
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What did Oakhill et al, 2003 find?
Comprehension monitering at 7 years predicted RC 1 year later
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Why may the deficits in poor comprehenders be due to verbal working memory deficits?
Poor comprehenders have normal WM for spatial, impaired for verbal and are less likely to repeat words when facing comprehension difficulties
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What were the three main conditions of the ReadMe project training study (Clarke, Snowling, TrueLove, Hulme, 2010)?
Oral language, text comprehension and combined
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Which condition showed the most gains in reading comprehension relative to the control 20 weeks post intervention? (ReadMe)
The combined intervention condition
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Which condition showed the most gains in reading comprehension relative to the control 11m post intervention? (ReadMe)
Oral language intervention condition
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What does most evidence suggest is the critical causal factor(s) in poor comprehension?
Vocabulary and swift access to representations
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is local coherence?
Back
Making sense of relations within and between adjacent sentences through cohesive devices + sentence context
Card 3
Front
What is global coherence?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is fluent word decoding strongly associated with?
Back
Card 5
Front
What can vocabulary knowledge be measured with?
Back
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