Hydrocarbons Mindmap
- Created by: umar2312
- Created on: 20-04-17 17:30
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- Hyrdrocarbons
- Homologous Series
- A homologous series is a family of hydrocarbons with similar chemical properties who share the same general formula.
- There are three main groups in the Homologous Series
- The Alkanes
- The Alkenes
- The Cycloalkanes
- The alkenes have the general formula CnH2n
- Even though they have the same general formula as the alkenes, the cycloalkanes are saturated and contain only single bonds.
- The alkenes have the general formula CnH2n
- Alkenes all contain a carbon to carbon double bond which makes them more reactive than the alkanes.
- The Cycloalkanes
- The general formula of the alkanes is CnH2n+2
- They are covalent molecular substances and as such they have strong covalent bonds inside their molecules and weak forces between their molecules. They are saturated hydrocarbons
- The Alkenes
- The Alkanes
- A hydrocarbon is a compound made of hydrogen and carbon.
- Combustion is the burning of a substance in oxygen.
- Incomplete combustion is when there is a limited amount of oxygen the products are Carbon Monoxide, Carbon and Wate, in cars catalytic converters reduce the poisonous and dangerous outputs of incomplete combustion
- Complete combustion creates Water and Carbon Dioxide.
- Naming Hydrocarbons
- Naming Branch Chained Alkanes
- 1) Find and name the longest chain.
- 2) Name each of the side groups
- 3) If the molecule contains more than one side group use the prefixes.
- 4) Write the side group names in alphabetical order.
- 5) Number from end nearest to a branch
- 4) Write the side group names in alphabetical order.
- 3) If the molecule contains more than one side group use the prefixes.
- 2) Name each of the side groups
- 1) Find and name the longest chain.
- Naming Branch Chained Alkanes
- Cracking is a process which converts large unwanted alkanes into short hydrocarbons.
- Isomers are subtances which have the same molecular formula but their structural formulae are different..
- A fuel is a substance that releases energy when it is burned (usually in oxygen).
- Catenation is the linkage of atoms of the same element into longer chains.
- Saturated hydrocarbons are ones that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms bonded to each other, therefore unsaturated hydrocarbons are molecules that contain at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- Orange bromine water can be used to test for unsaturation. When it is added to a sample of the fat or oil:
- The bromine water stays orange with a saturated fat or oil
- The bromine water goes colourless with an unsaturated fat or oil
- Orange bromine water can be used to test for unsaturation. When it is added to a sample of the fat or oil:
- Addition Reactions
- Bromine Br2 can be used to test for unsaturation. An addition reaction happens at the carbon-carbon double bond, producing a dibromo compound. This is colourless, so the observed change is that the bromine is decolourised.
- Hydrogenation is a special type of addition reaction where hydrogen adds to a c = c
- The addition of hydrogen to an alkene makes an alkane.
- Fractional Distillation
- Fractional Distillation separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point (and hence chemical composition) by means of distillation
- Crude Oils in order from lowest to highest boiling point.
- Camping or household gas, FUEL GAS
- Fuel for cars, PETROL
- Used in producing chemcials, NAPTHEN
- Jet Fuel, KEROSENE
- Fuel for large vehicles, DIESEL
- Heavy fuels for heating and ship fuel
- Residue for roads, BITUMEN
- Heavy fuels for heating and ship fuel
- Fuel for large vehicles, DIESEL
- Jet Fuel, KEROSENE
- Used in producing chemcials, NAPTHEN
- Fuel for cars, PETROL
- Camping or household gas, FUEL GAS
- Homologous Series
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