UNIT 2 NATURES CHEMISTRY

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  • Created by: emd001
  • Created on: 18-01-17 17:53

HOMOLOGOUS SERIES 

a homolgous series is a family of compounds with similar chemical properties that can be represented by a chemical formulae. 

ALKANES

-alkanes are HYDROCARBONS (made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms only)

-end in -ANE

-uses such as gas fro cooking and octane for petrol in cars 

-methane, ethane ,propane,butane 

GENERAL FORMULAE: CnH2n+2

- BP of alkanes increases, flammability decreases as carbon chain length increases 

ALKENES

-second homologous series of HYDROCARBONS 

- end in -ENE

-contain a carbon to carbon double bond (unsaturated)

-(no methene) ethene, propene, butene

-GENERAL FORMUALE: CnH2n

CYCLOALKANES

-third homologous series of HYDROCARBONS 

- end in -ANE, start in -CYCLO

-cyclopropane (starts from 3 carbons)

SATURATED ( full, ie no double bonds) AND UNSATURATED (double bonds, can break)

ADDITION REACTIONS 

-alkenes more reactive as they are unsaturated 

-double bond allows them to take part in ADDITION REACTION, then becoming saturated 

ISOMERS

- ISOMERS ARE COMPOUNDS THAT HAVE THE SAME MOLECULAR FORMULA BUT DIFFERENT STRUCTUAL FOMULAS.

-isomers have diffent properties because they have different structures 

CONSUMER PRODUCTS

alcohols:

-GENERAL FORMULAE: Cn H2n+1 O H

-alkonals, compounds with the hydroxyl functional group (-OH)

-functional group is what dicates the properties of alcohols, the way it…

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