fuels and hydrocarbons
- Created by: jennabooth64
- Created on: 10-12-19 15:48
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- Fuels and hydrocarbons
- 3 requirements for fires
- heat
- fuel
- oxygen
- hydrocarbons
- compounds that contain the elements carbon and hydrogen only
- CO2 turns lime water chalky
- combustion reactions
- 2 products-water and carbon dioxide
- all hydrocarbons burn to produce these products
- 2 products-water and carbon dioxide
- fossil fuels
- formed over millions of years from the decaying remains of once living things
- will eventually run out/finite
- coal is made from vegetation and plants
- oil/gas is made from dead animals
- polution is a disadvantage of fossil fules
- crude oil
- straight from the ground
- distilation can be used to refine crude oil
- distilation is the seperation technique of a mixture of liquids with different boiling points
- as molecular size increases:
- boiling point and viscosity increases
- viscosity:ease of flow (thickness)
- flammability and ease of evaporation decreases
- boiling point and viscosity increases
- air pollution
- most pollutants come from burning hydrocarbon fuels from crude oil
- incomplete combustion forms carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas
- energy changes
- exothermic-energy is released
- endothermic-energy is taken in
- Eh=c x m x change in temp of water
- c=heat capacity of water=4.18
- m=mass of water heated in kg
- alkanes
- general formula= CnH2n+2
- end in ane
- saturated/single bonds
- CH3=methyl
- C2H5=ethyl
- homologous series
- similar chemical properties
- fit the same general formula
- show a gradual change in physical properties
- isomers
- same molecular formula but different structural formula
- alkenes
- general formula=CnH2n
- unsaturated/double bond
- decolourise bromine solution/water
- cycloalkanes
- general formula=CnH2n
- saturated
- isomers of the corresponding alkne with the same number of carbon atoms
- 3 requirements for fires
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