chemistry unit 2

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What is a homologous series?
A homologous series with similar chemical properties (hydrocarbons)
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What is the trend in boiling/melting points within a homologous series as molecular size increases?
As the molecular size increases the boiling and melting point increases
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Explain the trend in the boiling point
As the molecule gets more complex the heat takes longer to breakdown the molecule
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What are hydrocarbons?
A hydrocarbon is made of carbon and hydrogen
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What are saturated hydrocarbons?
Saturated hydrocarbons have no more room for more hydrogens or carbons as they only have single bonds-alkanes
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What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons have double bonds which can be broken down to create more space which means that there is space for more hydrogens or carbons-alkenes
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What is the test for saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons?
The test for unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons is the effect they have on bromine solution, unsaturated hydrocarbons discolour bromine solution where as saturated hydrocarbons have no effect on bromine solution.
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How to identify an alkane from
the structure and the name
Their structure- their formula is CnH2n+2 and they have no double bonds and no ring structure
Their name- they are alkanes they are identified by the anes
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What are the prefixes for carbon compounds?
1-meth 2-ethe 3-prop 4-but 5-pent 6-hext 7-hept 8-oct
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How to identify an alkene from
Their structure and Their name
Their structure- an alkene is a carbon chain which includes at least one double bond the formula is CnH2n
Their name- they are alkenes so their identified by the ene
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How to identify a cycloalkane from
Their structure and their name
Their structure-cycloalkanes are drawn as polygons in which every side represented by carbon-to-carbon bonds the formula is CnH2n
Their name- they have cyclo at the start of the name for example cycloheptane
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Describe the steps required to name a carbon compound
1st you find the longest chain and name it, 2nd if there are side branches identify them and what carbon they are on 3rd if there is a double bond find what bond it is on- for example 2methylprop1ane
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What is the general formulas for-
alkanes, alcohols, alkenes , carboxylic and cycloalkanes
Alkanes-CnH2n+2 Alcohols- CnH2n+1OH
Alkenes-CnH2n carbocylic- CnH2n+COOH
Cycloalkanes- CnH2n
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What are isomers?
Isomers are 2 or more compounds with the same formula but different atom arrangements
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What is an addition reaction?
An addition reaction is when 2 or more smaller molecules join to make a larger molecule an example is the reaction of a unsaturated hydrocarbon with bromine solution
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What is meant by hydrogenation?
Hydrogenation is when you have a unsaturated hydrocarbon compound and add a H2 which breaks the double bond
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What is meant by hydration?
Hydration is what makes alcohols its when a unsaturated hydrocarbon compound adds a OH which breaks the double bond
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What is halogenation?
Halogenation is when a halogen is added to a unsaturated hydrocarbon adds a halogen such as bromine to break the double bond
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How do you identify an alcohol form
Structure and name
Structure- a alcohol has an OH on one of the bonds coming off a carbon
Name –they have nol at the end like ethanol
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What name is given to the functional group of alcohols?
The name given to the group of alcohols is hydroxyl group
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What is the general formula of alcohols ?
CnH2n+1OH
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What happens to the solubility of the alcohols as their size increases?
Short chain alcohols dissolve in water
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Explain why as alcohols increase in size their melting and boiling points increase?
As the alcohols increase in size greater energy is required to break it down
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How do you identify an carboxylic acid from

Structure-Name
Structure- they have a double bond out of a carbon to attach to an Oxygen and another single bond out to a OH

Name—they have a noic at the end of the name
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What is the name given to the functional group of carboxylic acids?
Carboxyl
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Which carboxylic acid is the main component of vinegar?
Ethanoic acid
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what happens to the solubility of carboxylic acids as their size increases?
They become less soluble as they increase in size
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Explain why as carboxylic acid increase in sizer their melting and boiling point increase?
The melting point doesn't increase but the boiling point does because it increases in line with the size increase
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the trend in boiling/melting points within a homologous series as molecular size increases?

Back

As the molecular size increases the boiling and melting point increases

Card 3

Front

Explain the trend in the boiling point

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are hydrocarbons?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are saturated hydrocarbons?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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