1--Chemical Changes and Structure Mindmap

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  • Created by: umar2312
  • Created on: 24-04-17 06:53
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  • Rate of Reactions
    • Chemical Changes and Structure.
      • Atomic Structure
        • An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance.
          • A compound is a substance made up of two or more different elements chemically joined.
        • The Periodic Table
          • A group is a vertical column in the table
          • A period is a horizontal row in the periodic table
          • Alkali Metals
            • Group 1: Reactive in water and fro alkaline solutions in water.
          • Halogens
            • Group 7: "Salt formers" very reactive non-metals, react with metals to create salts
          • Noble Gases
            • Large group of metals that are in the middle of the periodic table. Don't follow a pattern
          • Transition Metals
            • Group 0: Very unreactive group of gases
    • A chemical reaction is a change in which new chemical substances - products - are formed when other reactants are reacted
      • The rate of a chemical reaction is how slowly or quickly a chemical reaction occurs.
        • Average reaction rate is calculated by Difference in quantity divided by Difference in time.
        • The collision theory states for a successful reaction to occur the reacting particles will collide with sufficient kinetic energy for the reaction to occur
        • Four factors which affect the speed of a chemical reaction are :
          • Concentration of reactants
            • Surface area of reactants
              • The Temperature
                • The use of a catalyst
      • Effervescence is the word we use to describe the rapid bubbling in a liquid produced by a chemical reaction
      • Precipitation is the word we use to describe the formation of a powder or fluffy solid when two reacting solutions are mixed.
      • The other signs of a chemical reaction are: Change in colour, a change in energy, Light or sound is given off.
    • Temperature
      • As the temperature increases so does the particle speed therefore making more collisions
    • Use of a Catalyst
      • A catalyst speeds up the rate of a reaction but it is not used up in the reaction. If a catalyst is present, the reacting particles can collide more successfully with less energy and so the reaction can take place at a lower temperature.
    • Particle Size
      • By decreasing the particle size of a reactant, we are increasing its surface area. The greater the surface area, the higher the chance of collisions, thus the faster the rate of reaction. The smaller the particle size the faster the reaction.
    • Concentration
      • If the concentration of reactants is increased, there are more reacting particles moving together. There will be more collisions and therefore a higher rate of reaction

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