AS Level AQA ICT Chapter 4 - Software

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  • Software Definitions
    • Main Definitions
      • Integrated Software
        • This is an applications package consisting of several different applications. Microsoft Office is an example of an integrated package.
      • Generic Software
        • This is an applications software that is appropriate for a wide range of tasks and can be used in lots of areas of work.
      • Specific Software
        • This is software that performs one particular task e.g. payroll, stock control, etc.
      • Operating Software
        • Operating systems software is the software that controls the hardware and is used to run the applications software. Operating systems control the handling of input, output, etc.
      • Bespoke Software
        • This is software that is specifically written for a particular business or organisation
      • Applications Software
        • Applications software is software designed to carry out a particular task. E.g. word processing, spreadsheets, databases.
      • Macro
        • A macro is a series of commands and instructions that you can group together as a single command to be used to complete a task automatically.
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    • Database
      • Types
        • Relational
          • Data is stored in several files or tables that are linked together through primary keys. A primary key provides a unique identifier for each record.
        • Flat file
          • A flat file database is a single file or table that stores data records arranged in fields.
      • Field
        • A single piece of data about an individual or object
          • E.g. a surname would be a field in a database about customers.
      • Record
        • A record is a set of data relating to an individual or object
          • E.g. all the information about one customer.
      • Criteria
        • Criteria are used to define database queries.
      • Entity
        • An entity is a person or a thing about which data is held on a database.
    • Graphics
      • Vector Graphics
        • Vector graphics are graphics that store the set of instructions for drawing the object. They are used in CAD packages. They take less storage than bitmapped images.
          • CAD - Computer Aided Design
      • Bitmapped Graphics
        • A picture that is represented using a code that indicates the state of each individual dot or pixel displayed on the screen.
        • They are difficult to edit, and use much storage as each pixel is individually stored.
          • Vector graphics are graphics that store the set of instructions for drawing the object. They are used in CAD packages. They take less storage than bitmapped images.
            • CAD - Computer Aided Design
      • Multimedia
        • Multimedia is the combined use of text, pictures, moving images and sound.
      • Interactive
        • Where there is a dialogue between the user and the computer.
    • Websites
      • HTML
        • Hypertext Markup Language is the language in which web pages are written.
      • RSS
        • Really Simple Syndication is a format for syndicating content such as podcasts to lots of people who subscribe to receive it.
        • If you have RSS-aware software on your computer, it can check for changes and allow you to see the new content as soon as it is published.
      • Blog
        • A website providing commentary, personal thoughts on a particular subject.
        • It is written in chronological order and can include text, images and links to other blogs and websites.
      • Podcast
        • A podcast is an audio or video file that is created in a format which is distrusted over the internet and can be read on a computer or by portable devices.

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