GEOGRAPHY B (9-1) Changing UK landscapes- Coasts (not finished)


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  • Created by: kiz123456
  • Created on: 23-11-19 11:20
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  • Changing UK landscpes
    • Types of rock
      • igneous rock
        • Result of volcanic activity in the past. some are due to the lava erupting at constructive plate boundaries. Other rocks are formed by molten magma beneath the surface of earth, called intrusive rock (granite). Exposed later due to weathering on the rocks above.
      • metamorphic rock
        • These are rocks which have changed in shape and from due to intense pressure. These rocks may started as either igneous or sedimentary. They are crystallized under the heat to form rocks such as marble. They are very very strong are are generally used as a roof material.
      • sedimentary rock
        • Made of small particles of sand and rock. They have transported by wind, rivers and ice and are deposited on lake or seabed. Over millions of years they have built up into layers. They are called sediments. The rock formed in layers are called bedding planes. When sand is compressed, it is called sandstone. Limestone and chalk were formed from remains of dead plants and animals during the carboniferous period. They contain fossils.
    • Waves
      • Coastal Erosion- Destructive Waves
        • Hydraulic Action-
          • Air may get stuck in joints and weaknesses in the rock. (Cracks in the cliff face). When a weak crashes into the cliff, trapped air is compressed and weakens the cliff eroding it.
        • Abrasion-
          • Bits of rock and sand in waves grind down cliff surfaces like sandpaper.
        • Attrition-
          • Waves smash rock and pebbles onto the shore into each other and they break and become smoother.
        • Solution-
          • Acids in the seawater will dissolve some types of rock such as chalk or limestone.
      • Size and energy of waves depend on-
        • How long the wind how been blowing for.
        • The strength of the wind.
        • How far the wave have traveled
          • THIS IS CALLED THE FETCH
      • Constructive Waves-
        • Features include-
          • Not steep
          • Gentle Slope
          • Slow. Between 4-9 waves a minute
        • Low height
        • Strong Swash
        • Weak Backwash
    • Constructive Waves-
      • Features include-
        • Not steep
        • Gentle Slope
        • Slow. Between 4-9 waves a minute
      • Low height
      • Strong Swash
      • Weak Backwash

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