Septet

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  • Septet in Eb: Movement 1 - Beethoven
    • Metre
      • Adagio: 3/4
        • Demisemiquaver passages e.g. bar
      • Allegro con brio: 2/2
    • Rhythm
      • Continuous triplets e.g. bar 76-79
      • Syncopation e.g. bars 45-46
      • Many themes begin on an anacrusis e.g. bar
      • Diminution in closing bars
    • Tonality
      • Modulations to closely related keys
        • Define structure
      • 1st subject - Eb major
        • 2nd subject - Bb major - dominant
          • Development - C minor -> Ab major -> F minor
            • 2nd subject in recapitulation remains in Eb
      • Touches on Eb minor in intro
    • Harmony
      • Intro ends with dom. 7th chord
      • Pedal points = raise tension e.g. bar
      • Functional
        • Perfect cadences e.g. bar
        • Imperfect cadences e.g. bar
      • Root & 1st inv. chords with occasional 2nd inv.
      • Harmonic rhythm increases at cadence points
      • Occasional chromatic chords - e.g. German Aug 6th, bar 7
    • Resources
      • 3 woodwind instruments & 4 strings
      • Violin & clarinet have main melodic interest
      • Horn & bassoon have harmonic counterpoint
      • Double bass adds texture
      • Violin & viola: Double stopping = addition force e.g. bar 1
    • Structure
      • Slow intro followed by sonata form
        • Exposition - 1st subject, transition, 2nd subject, codetta
          • Development
            • Recapitulation - 1st subject, 2nd subject
              • Coda
    • Background
      • 1799 - classical
      • 1st of 6 movements
      • Size of ensemble - suitable for concert & chamber performance
    • Melody
      • Periodic phrasing e.g. bar
      • Ornamentation  e.g. bar
      • Scalic patterns e.g. bar
      • Chromaticism e.g. bar
      • Sequences e.g. bar
      • Mainly broken chords & conjunct movement
      • Opening motif of 1st subject - derived from figure in bar 8
    • Texture
      • Mostly MDH
      • Adagio - contrast between tutti chords & single monophonic violin line
        • Bar 8 - 3 part string chords in alternation with tutti chords
      • Pedal notes = textural stability e.g. bar
      • Antiphony e.g. bar 47-49
      • Octaves e.g .bar 111-115
      • Homorhythms e.g. bars 53-55
      • Imitation e.g. bars 258-264

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