Limestone

Get Revising

Created by: beth
Created on: 30-12-12 22:34

View mindmap

LIMESTONE
- Is mainly CALCIUM CARBONATE (CaCO3)
  - Calcium Carbonate reacts with ACID to make CALCIUM SALT, CARBON DIOXIDE and WATER
    - Calcium Carbonate + Sulfuric Acid > Calcium Sulfate + Carbon Dioxide + Water
    - The type of salt produced is dependent on the acid used (E.g. If HYDROCHLORIC ACID was used, it would make a CHLORIDE
- When heated, it THERMALLY DECOMPOSES to make CALCIUM OXIDE and CARBON DIOXIDE
  - Calcium Carbonate > Calcium Oxide + Carbon Dioxide
    - CaCO3> CaO+CO2
- CALCIUM OXIDE
  - CALCIUM OXIDE reacts with WATEr to produce CALCIUM HYDROXIDE
    - Calcium Oxide + Water -> Calcium Hydroxide
      - CaO + H2O > Ca(OH)2
    - CALCIUM HYDROXIDE is an ALKALI
      - It can be used to NEUTRALISE acidic soil in fields as well as POWDERED LIMESTON, but works much FASTER than powdered limestone
      - It can also be used to test for CARBON DIOXIDE
        Make a solution of CALCIUM HYDROXIDE and WATER (LIMEWATER) and bubble gas through it. The solution will turn CLOUDY if there's CARBON DIOXIDE in the gas
        The cloudiness is caused by the formation of CALCIUM CARBONATE
        Calcium Hydroxide + Carbon Dioxide > Calcium Carbonate + Water
        Ca(OH)2 + CO2 > CaCO£ + H2O
- LIMESTONE PRODUCTS
  - CEMENT
    - POWDERED LIMESTONE is HEATED in a kiln with POWDERED CLAY to make CEMENT
  - MORTAR
    - CEMENT can be mixed with SAND and WATER to make MORTAR
  - CONCRETE
    - CEMENT can also be mixed with SAND and AGGREGATE to make CONCRETE. [AGGREGATE= WATER + GRAVEL]
- ADVANTAGES
  - Limestone products are used to NEUTRALISE ACIDIC SOIL and ACIDITY in RIVERS and LAKES
  - It provides CHEMICALS used in making DYES, PAINTS and MEDICINE
  - QUARRYING can provide JOBS and bring more MONEY into the LOCAL ECONOMY
- DISADVANTAGES
  - QUARRYING limestone makes HOLES, which PERMANENTLY change the LANDSCAPE
  - The Quarrying Processes can make NOISE and DUST in quiet areas
  - Quarrying DESTROYS HABITATS of animals and birds