Attribution and Social Knowledge
- Created by: Shannon
- Created on: 12-01-16 20:23
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Attribution and Social Knowledge
- We try to understand our world in an orderly and meaningful way
- Feel uncomfrotable if no understanding
- Our judgement of people depends on how we explain our behaviour
- Attributions
- Process of assigning a cause to our own behaviour and that of others
- 7 theoretical emphases
- Theory of naive psychology - Heider
- People are intuitive psychologists who construct casual theories of human behaviour
- We construct adequate explanations of why people behave in certain ways
- Allows us to predict whether someone will behave in a certain way
- 1. We feel our own behaviour is motivated rather than random which is why we look for causes
- 2. We construct casual theories in order to be able to predict and control the environment
- 3. In attributing casuality for behaviour we distinguish between personal dispositional attribution and evironmental situational attribution
- 2. We construct casual theories in order to be able to predict and control the environment
- 1. We feel our own behaviour is motivated rather than random which is why we look for causes
- Munroe and Jacobson
- Happy couples attribute feelings of their partner to outside causes
- Abbey
- Men are more likely to attribute a women's friendliness to sexual interest
- Misattribution
- Mistakenly attributing a behaviour to the wrong source
- Misattribution
- Men are more likely to attribute a women's friendliness to sexual interest
- Attribution theory
- The theory of how people explain other's behaviour by attributing it to motives or attributions or external situation
- Dispositional attribution
- Internal
- Motives and attitudes
- Internal
- Situational attribution
- External
- Physical and social circumstances
- External
- Three performance dimensions
- Locus - Is the performance caused by the actor (internal) or situation (external)
- Stability - Is the internal or external cause a stable or unstable one
- Controlability- to what extent is future task performance
- Allows us to predict whether someone will behave in a certain way
- We construct adequate explanations of why people behave in certain ways
- People are intuitive psychologists who construct casual theories of human behaviour
- Theory of correspondent inferences - Jones and Davis
- Specifies the conditions under which people infer traits
- How we infer that a friendly action is due to an underlying disposition to be friendly
- Expected behaviour tells us less about the person than does unusual behaviour - SAM SARCASM EXAMPLE
- People like to attribute behaviour to underlying disposition because it is stable and increases our sense of control over the world
- Five cues that make a correspondent inference
- Freely chosen behaviour is more indicative of a disposition
- Socially undesirable behaviour is better basis for making a correspondent inference
- Socially desirable behaiviour tells us little about a person's disposition as it is controlled by societal norms
- More confident correspondent inferences about others when their behaviour is intented to benefit or harm us
- Specifies the conditions under which people infer traits
- Covariation model - Kelley
- Consistency
- How consistent is the person's behaviour in this situation
- Distinctiveness
- How specific is the person's behaviour to this particular situation
- Consensus
- To what extent do others in this situation behave similarly
- Consistency
-
Schachter’s theory of
emotional lability
- Emotions have two distinct components
- A state of physiological arousal which does not differentiate between emotions
- Cognitons which label the arousal and determine which emotion is experienced
- A state of physiological arousal which does not differentiate between emotions
- Emotions have two distinct components
- Attributional styles - Rotter
- Internals
- Think they have enormous amount of control over their destiny
- Externals
- They believe they have little control over what happens to them
- Internals
- Bem's self- perception theory
- We gain knowledge of ourselves only by making self-attributions
- We infer our own attitudes from our own behaviour
- We gain knowledge of ourselves only by making self-attributions
- Theory of naive psychology - Heider
- We try to understand our world in an orderly and meaningful way
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