Ancient Philosophy: ARISTOTLE
- Created by: _N27_
- Created on: 14-10-18 16:41
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- Ancient Philosophy - Aristotle
- Empiricism
- The belief that experience is the foundation of knowledge
- Aristotle
- The belief that experience is the foundation of knowledge
- The Third Man Argument
- Says that Plato must be wrong when he says that:
- 1. Forms are unchanging
- 2. Forms are representative of what they are Forms of
- Says that Plato must be wrong when he says that:
- Teleology - the study of the purpose/ goal of something
- The 4 Causes
- 3. The Efficient Cause
- The agent/ event that made the object come into existence (what actually created it)
- E.G. The E.C. of the desk is the activity of the carpenter who made it
- It brings about change in something
- The agent/ event that made the object come into existence (what actually created it)
- 2. The Formal Cause
- What gives the object structure/ form/ shape
- It allows the object to be identified as whatever it is
- E.G. a desk is a desk because it is desk-shaped
- What gives the object structure/ form/ shape
- 4. The Final Cause
- The reason/ purpose of the object (the telos)
- E.G. The F.C. of a desk is for writing at
- E.G. The F.C. of a mug is for holding drinks
- E.G. The F.C. of fur is to keep an animal warm
- The reason/ purpose of the object (the telos)
- 1. The Material Cause
- The matter/ substance that the object is made of
- E.G. The material cause of a rat = the blood, muscle, fur, organs, bones etc.
- Explains what something is made from, HOWEVER, it doesn't explain everything
- The matter/ substance that the object is made of
- Aristotle uses the theory of the 4 causes to explain the movement of all things from potentiality to actuality
- 3. The Efficient Cause
- The Prime Mover
- Exists by necessity (it must exist)
- It must be perfect - meaning it must have complete (pure) actuality
- It is impassive - to experience emotion would mean bring about a change
- It is eternal - beginning to exist or ceasing to exist would both constitue a change
- Independent for its existence - it doesn't depend on anything for its existence
- The F.C. of existence - the reason behind someone is to be closer to the PM
- According to Aristotle, we want to be closer to the PM because of attraction (like a magnet)
- Empiricism
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