WJEC GCSE Chemistry 3 - organic chemistry and alcohol

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  • Created by: Amy
  • Created on: 19-05-13 11:48
Go through the Alkane series
Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane.
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Go through Alkene series
Ethene, propene.
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Name the types of alcohols
Methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol
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3 ways of making ethanol
Fermentation, synthesis and biotechnology
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What do we use large quantities of ethanol for?
Fuel and alcoholic beverages
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Why does ethanol by fermentation have a limited concentration?
The temperature - too hot enzyme denatured, the PH - of changes too much enzyme denatures, the amount of sugar - once gone, it's gone!
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How can ethanol be made stronger? Name process and steps.
It's made stronger by distillation. Ethanol boils at 78'C - heat ethanol and water mixture at 78'C, condense has at this temperature. This is pure ethanol - water is left in original flask because it has a higher boiling point than 78'C.
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What do you know about oxidising ethanol?
It naturally oxidises at room temperature when exposed to air. Called ethanoic acid and also known as vinegar.
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Social issue and health issue because of alcohol abuse?
Liver disease and results in aggressive and anti social behaviour.
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What is fermented to make ethanol?
Sugar.
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What enzyme makes the reaction happen in order to make ethanol by fermentation?
Yeast.
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What temperature is fermentation carried out at? Why?
Room temperature so enzyme isn't denatured.
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3 components in fire triangle:
Fuel, heat, oxygen
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What's calcium carbonate also known as?
Limestone
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What's Calcium oxide also knows as?
Quicklime
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Calcium hydroxide also know as?
Slaked lime - or if lots of water added Limewater
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What happens to limewater if carbon dioxide is present?
Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide ---> Calcium carbonate + Water
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What does limewater look like when carbon dioxide is present?
It turns milky.
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Advantages of using Limestone and it's products:
It provides cement for roads and buildings, used to neutralise soil and lakes that are acidic because of acid rain, used in chimneys of power stations to neutralise sulphur dioxide -Cause of acid rain, also provides jobs for people and £ to econonomy
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Disadvantages of Limestone and it's products:
Leaves holes in landscape after quarrying, quarrying processes like blasting rocks apert make noise and dust in quiet scenic areas, Destroys habitats, causes noise & pollution when transported away, burning fossil fuels for cement & quicklime
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What does the thermal stability of a carbonate depend on?
How reactive the metal it contains is.
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Is calcium a reactive metal?
Yes. Because of this calcium carbonate is only decomposed by prolonged heating
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What are metals MORE reactive than calcium? (stability wise)
They're more stable (thermally) So take longer to decompose using heat
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What if they're less reactive than calcium?
If the metal within the carbonate is less reactive than calcium it is not as thermally stable. So it won't take as long to decompose using heat
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2 examples of carbonates less reactive than Calcium
- Sodium carbonate is not decomposed at high temperatures and Copper carbonate is thermally much less stable than calcium carbonate and broken down by gentle heating into copper(||)oxide and carbon dioxide
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What does the Harbor Process produce
Ammonia
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What are the conditions of the harbor process
Nitrogen and Hydrogen in the presence of an IRON CATALYST at 350-400'C under HIGH PRESSURE (150-200 atmospheres)
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What happens to the iron catalyst in the Harbor process over time?
It is 'poisoned' and must be replaced every few years which mean closing the plant down.
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Would high pressure benefit the yield in the harbor process? Why don't they use it?
Yes it would. But building the plant to operate at 400 atmospheres would increase cost further and decrease economic viability.
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The harber process doesn't use up all the hydrogen and nitrogen so it is recycled. How?
They recycle the nitrogen and hydrogen that hasn't been used by recovering them, by liquefying the ammonia &recycling the remaining elements back into the reactor.
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Explain EUTROPHICATION
Fertilisers are water soluble and washed into rivers & lakes by rain contributing to the nitrate solution of water. Excessive algae and other water plants then grow. When they die, bacteria decompose them but use up oxygen dissolved in water. Fish di
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Advantages to fertilisers
Allow intensive farming of arable land & allow farmers to produce large yields of crops. This helps keep food costs down & avoid food shortages.
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Disadvantages of fertilisers
Fertilisers may cause water pollution. Also, intensive farming, supported by fertilisers can result in loss of habitats & threatens biodiversity.
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What happens in step one of the Contact Process?
Sulphur is burned in the air to make sulphur dioxide
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What happens in step two of the Contact Process?
Sulphur dioxide is oxidised to make Sulphur trioxide in a reversable process carried out at 400-500'C at a pressure slightly above atmospheric. Catalysed by Vanadium(V)Oxide
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What happens in the third stage of the Contact Process?
Sulphur Dioxide is combined with water ot get sulphuric acid . This gives a corrosive form of sulphuric acid known as oleum. It is then diluted further to because sulphuric acid.
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What does concentrated sulphuric acid do?
Its dehydrating agent, it removes any elements of water that are chemically combined.
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What are 4 gas tests?
Hydrogen - squeaky pop, Oxygen - relight glowing splint, CarbonDioxide - limewater milky, ammonia - Damp red litmus paper turns blue
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Flame tests for metal ions
Sodium - orange flame. Potassium - Lilac flame. Calcium - Brick red. Copper - Green (Blueish)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Go through Alkene series

Back

Ethene, propene.

Card 3

Front

Name the types of alcohols

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

3 ways of making ethanol

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What do we use large quantities of ethanol for?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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