Volcanoes (including case study)

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  • Created by: Tigs22
  • Created on: 08-05-17 19:18
What are the two types of volcano?
Sheild and Composite
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Describe a Sheild Volacano
Low, flat, covers a large area. Low viscousity lava, rarely violent eruptions of ash and lava.
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How are sheild volcanoes formed?
Divergent convection currents cause tensional forces fracturing the rock. Magma seeps up. Gravity ecourages the plates to move apart. Rock is stretched through tensional forces from the plume of magma.
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Give an example of a sheild volcano
Mauna Loa, Hawaii
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Describe a composite volcano
Destructive boundary. Steep sided. Viscous lava. Violent euptions of rock, lava and ash.
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How are composite volcanoes formed?
Magma rises through fissures. Sulphur dioxide released in the magma chamber. Pressure builds till an eruption of previous material in the vent.
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Give an example of a composite volcano
Pinatubo, Phillippines
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How are super volcanoes different?
erupts at least 1,000km3 of material, forms a caldera, erupts less frequently, much larger size, VEI 8
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Give an example of a super volcano
Yellow stone, USA
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What impacts could a super volcano eruption cause?
Volcanic winter, mass extinction, ash buries countries, people die from ash inhalation, sun's rays are blocked, destroys vegetation, ash contaminated water
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Why do people choose to live near volcanoes?
Geothermal energy, tourism, fertile land, ideal for cattle, mining, climate, family homes, dormant and being monitered
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How can eruptions be predicted?
The history of the volcano, observation labs, seismic activity, shallow focus earthquakes, gas emissions, temp change in surface water
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Volcano Case Study
Monserrat Volcano, Chances Peak, Soufriere Hills
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When did it occur?
June, 1997
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What plate boundary caused it?
Destructive- Atlantic subducted beneathe Caribbean
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What were the impacts?
2/3 island covered in ash, 23 deaths, Plymoth became a ghost town, crops and livestock killed, schools and hospitals destroyed, infastructure covered in ash, pyroclastic flow created new land at sea, airport closed, no tourism, 60% housing destroyed
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More impacts...
50% population left, contaminated water supplies, valleys blocked with ash, forest fires, wildlife disappeared.
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What were the responses?
Temporary shelters, 50% population evacuaed to the north, riots, Obsrevatory set up, risk assesment done, exculsion zone, £41mil aid from UK
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Describe a Sheild Volacano

Back

Low, flat, covers a large area. Low viscousity lava, rarely violent eruptions of ash and lava.

Card 3

Front

How are sheild volcanoes formed?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Give an example of a sheild volcano

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe a composite volcano

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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