nucleocapsid containing 8ss -ve RNA with RNA polymerase, surrounded by nuclear envelope with M2 ion channels, HA, NA antigens
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structure of herpes virus
ds DNA genome within nucleocapsid, surrounded by nuclear envelope
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structure of HIV virus
2 ** +ve RNA genome with reverse transcriptase and integrase enzymes within nucleocapsid and nuclear envelope
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replication cycle of herpes simplex virus
attachment, permeation via fusion, uncoating, entry of ds DNA into nucleus through nuclear pores, genome replication using host RNA polymerase to produce mRNA which leaves nucleus attach to host ribosomes and translate to viral DNA polymerase
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what is herpes virus
a virus that causes life-long latent infections. double stranded DNA with nuclear envelope. a-herpes virus is fast growing and becomes latent in neurones. b-herpes virus is slow growing and becomes latent in secretory glands and kidneys.
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what are the types of a-herpes virus
herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2 causes ulcerations of mouth and genitalia respectively and transmission via direct contact. Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) is a type of a-herpes, first time exposure leads to chickenpox; widespread rash all over body. incu
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what are treatments of HSV and VZV
aciclovir and valaciclovir and shingles vaccine.
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replication cycle of influenza
HA binds to silica acid receptors on host cells. penetration via endocytosis into an endosome. H+ from endoscope enters into virus via M2 ion channels leading to uncoating of nuclear envelope and nucleocapsid. the 8 ** -ve RNA is released into cytoplasm w
elderly, immunocompromised like RA and HIV are at risk of pneumonia
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why vaccines become ineffective
the viruses are constantly undergoing mutations in their antigens forming new strains of the virus not recognised by the antibodies generated hence are recognised as foreign and will not be killed leading to active infection and primary immune response.
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which treatments used for influenza
oseltamivir, zanamivir
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which treatments used for HIV
antibody receptor antagonists prevent attachment and entry into CD4+ T cells. fusion inhibitors preventing entry, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors preventing cleavage and release.
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what is replication cycle of HIV
hiv retrovirus. attachment, penetration via fusion, reverse transcriptase convert ** +ve RNA in ds DNA in nucleocapsid. uncoating, integrase into host DNA, host RNA polymerase to copy genome and produce mRNA. translation, a**embly in cytoplasm, budding at
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what type of virus is HIV
retrovirus, contains 2 single strands of +ve RNA with reverse transcriptase and integrase. gets converted to double stranded DNA in nucleocapsid.
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what is reproductive number
a number used to describe how contagious a disease is. tells us how many secondary infections a single person causes
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what is serial period
time between onset of symptoms in primary case and onset of symptoms in secondary case
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what is generation period
period between infection of first case and infection of second case
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what is latent period
time after infection that person first becomes infectious
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what is infectious period
the period of time a person remains infectious for
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what is incubation period
the time it takes for symptoms to appear after infection
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