Roehl's patho lectures

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  • Created by: Sarah
  • Created on: 27-04-17 13:30
how many deaths are caused by pathogens?
1/3
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what diseases does viruses cause?
common cold, HIV and small pox
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what does vibrio cholerae need to become infected by to become virulent?
a bacteriaphogae that contains genes for cholera toxin
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what doe sthe cholera toxin do?
dehydrates cells in the intestine which cuases diarrhoea to spread infected bacteria
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what are faculative pathogens?
ones that are waiting in the environment waiting for the host
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what is the name given to the fungi that grows a germ tube to kill the macrophage that it has been consumed by?
Canadia albicans
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what is the name of zombie ants?
Cordyceps Sinesis
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how do viruses leave the cell?
by budding or lysis
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what are viruses classed by?
how their mRNA strand is made and their genome type?
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what are type 4 classification of viruses?
mRNA makes polyproteins that are cleaved
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what types of viruses are DNA viruses?
Type 1 and 2
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what type of RNA does type 5 viruses have?
a - strand, it carries RNA transcriptase to make DNA
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what does reverse transcriptase do?
makes complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template
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examples of a type 1 virus?
adenoviruses, respiratory disease, conjuctivitis, SV40, Herpes viruses: chicken poz, herpes sores, carcinomas, papilloma: genitl warts and cervical cancer
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what DNA virus is responsible for 6% of all human cancers in the world?
Papillomaviruses
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what allows early treatment and detection of papilloma virus?
pap smear
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what is transformation of a virus?
accidental intergration of virus's DNA into the host genome
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how is a malignant tumour formed with a papilloma virus?
intergration of virus DNA causes proliferation + unbalanced production of viral replication proteins
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what do you get if you have papilloma virus if you don't have transformation?
genital warts and benign growth
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what does the viral genome make that causes tumors?
proteins that upregulate proliferation and upregulate DNA replication -> more production of viral genome
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how many bps are there in the human genome?
3 billion
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the papillpmvirus has E6 and E7 what do these do?
turn up hosts DNA replication machinery to make more viral DNA (not more cells)
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what does transformation produce too much of? what effect does this have?
E6 and E7 turns up hosts DNA rep machines this = unregulated cell proliferation
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how do E6 and E7 cause unregulated cell proliferation?
E6 and E7 bind host proteins Rb and P53 to inactivate them = no constraints on dna rep
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why is p53 called the guardian of the genome?
is a tumour supressor gene that prevents mutation, recruits DNA repair enzymes, arrests the cell cycle if it recognizes DNA damage, initiates apoptosis
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what is Rb?
a prtoein that binds cell proliferation factor so stops proliferation
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how do retroviruses (type 5) cause cancer?
by incorporating human proto-oncogenes into their genomes
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how do retroviruses make functional proteins?
mRNA make large polyproteins that are cleaved
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life cycle of a retrovirus?
dock on host cell -> endocytosis -> release of viral RNA and reverse transcriptase into cytoplasm -> reverse transcriptase makes x2 DNA->DNA into host genome->makes more viral RNA
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human proto-oncogenes are altered when incorporated into the viral genome what are they called?
v-abl (viral) and c-abl (host gene-protooncogene)
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what are proto-oncogenes?
proteins involved with cell proliferation
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what kinase is a powerful activator of cell proliferation?
c-src
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how does the cell down regulate c-scr from activating proliferation?
phosphorylating carboxyl (c end) of the protein, protein folds in on itself and becomes inactive
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what diseases does viruses cause?

Back

common cold, HIV and small pox

Card 3

Front

what does vibrio cholerae need to become infected by to become virulent?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what doe sthe cholera toxin do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what are faculative pathogens?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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