secreted by different glands, part of endocrine system. Travels through bloodstrem to target tissue.
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Thyroxin
Thyroid gland. Acts on all cells. Enters nucleus, increases transcription rate. more mRNA and proteins formed. Increased metabolism and body temp.
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Leptin
By adipose tissue (fat tissue) Targets hypothalamus. Inhibit appetite. Excess adipose and leptin makes hypothalamus desentize to leptin
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Melantonin
Pineal Gland. Targets the brain. Control 24. hour cycle. Circardian rhytm. Production peaks 02-04. Production disturbed by bad sleep or working night shifts.
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Insulin & Glucagon
Regulates glucose levels in blood. Produced in pancreas. glucose levels must be constant. Cell respiration 24/7, but not intake of food.
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Too high glucose levels
B-cells in pancreas activated. Produce insulin, targets all tissues. . Glucose protein channels in cell, enter through facilitated diffusion. Insulin allows glucose to enter liver. Glucose converted into glycogen, is stored.
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Too low glucose levels
A- cells in pancreas activated. Produce glucagon. Targets liver and muscle tissue. Glucagon stimulates hydrolysis of glycogen into glucose.
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Diabetes
Too high glucose levels. Type 1 or 2.
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Diabetes Type I
B- cells not produce enough insulin. Autoimmune disease. Immune system attacks its own cells. Controlled by insulin injection
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Diabetes Type II
Cells desensitize insulin. B- cells produce less insulin. Triggered by bad diets, bad exercise or age &genes. Controlled with diet.
keep estrogen & progesterone lvels high. GnRh not produced. No Graafian follicles & ovulation.
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(IVF)
In vitro fertilization. egg harvestd from ovaries. Hormone therapy, stimulates superovulation. *********** in container, harvested eggs mixed with sperms in culture dishes. Embryos frozen or implanted in uterus.
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