Qualitatively different from adults, they just lack knowledge
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What is the stage view?
The progression from childhood to adulthood occurs in discrete stages
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What are children?
Qualitatively different from adults, they lack knowledge
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What is the opinion of naturists?
Development is the product of genetic inheritances, continuous development
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What does it suggest about the most important aspects of behaviour?
They are genetically determined, such as reflexes, babbling, crawling, walking and talking
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Who is the most important name to naturist approach?
noam chompsky
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What is the opinion of nurture?
Development is the product of experiences and the environment which is continuous development
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What is the behaviourism view?
He takes an extreme nurture view and suggests that the mind is a black box that no one needs to know about
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What does he suggest about reinforcement?
If a baby says a word that resembles mummy the parents will positively reinforce that and the child will say that word again
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However, what if after a period of time the child still mispronounces the word mummy?
The parents will less likely praise the child and then the child will pronounce the mummy word differently and the parents will become enthusiastic again
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Therefore?
The child has learnt to say the word mummy through reinforcemtn
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What is negative reinforcement?
It makes an action less likely
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What is constructivism?
The child discovers the physical and social world through their active participation
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What does the child experience?
Egocentrism
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What is this?
Only seeing the world through his or her eyes and forgetting other people's point of views
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What clashes?
The value of intra and inter cognitive conflict and dialectical clash
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What did Lorenz suggest under the Evolution and Ethology?
- Imprinting, critical period, biologically prepared learning - The learning that a person experiences, is that people are already biologically prepared to learn
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What was his example with Geese?
They have a critical period to recognise their mother after they hatch, - Lorenz put on his boots, and went for a walk and the chicks had followed the boots, This is imprinting
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What did Bowlby suggest under his attachment theory?
Seperation, deprivation and monotrophy, affectionless psychopathy, delinquency, patterns of attachment and the strange situation, cycles of abuse
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What is the stranger situation?
Task where the child is exposed to a stranger under lab conditions, the child that is securley attached to the mother becomes extremely distressed, this technique shows the quality of attachment the child has to the primary caregiver
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A reinforcer that increases the likelihood of behaviour, in order to avoid an aversive stimulus is?
An ineffective reward
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An innate and universal form of language that underlies speech is known as?
Deep structure
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When an infant learns to walk, it is an example of what?
Maturational unfolding
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What is maturational unfolding?
Maturation is predetermined in genes, and things are learnt in stages such as walking and talking
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What did Siegler suggest about when children progress from one developmental stage to the next?
The previous stage will can linger for a while and co-exist with the new adaption
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The microgenetic approach to research involves what?
Repeated observation of behaviour over a long period of time
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are children not?
Back
Qualitatively different from adults, they just lack knowledge
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