Theories of offending

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Give an overview of the attachment theory
Maternal deprivation leads to; emotional detachment, separation anxiety and anger issues
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What was the 44 thieves study?
Bowlby (1940) conducted interviews for 44 juvenile thieves and 44 controls non-offenders, as well as interviews with the parents. Almost 40% of juvenile thieves had experienced maternal deprivation for at least 6 months, 1/3 were affectionless
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What were the issues with the 44 thieves study?
Small sample, retrospective and no statistical tests carried out
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What type of study did Oglive et al carry out, what year was it and what was found?
Oglive et al., (2014) carried out a metaanalysis on attachment type in offenders and found rapists were more avoidant, violent offenders were insecurely attached, sexual offenders were anxious and offenders in general were more insecurely attached
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What study in 2001 investigated the effects of early separation?
Judy Farrington (2001) measure conviction rates and also carried out a self-report study showing delinquency rates increased with the absence of a father, highest rates with non-relatives and lowest rates with single mother
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Farrington (2005) developed which theory?
ICAP
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Give an overview of the ICAP theory
Many factors contribute to our antisocial potential (e.g. parenting). There are long term (Intelligence) and short term (boredom) risk factors that are carried out for a main energising factor (material good, sexual gratification etc)
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Newson and Newson (1989) did what study supporting which theory?
Newson and Newson found 40% of offenders had been physically disciplined by parents as children compared to 14% of control. Use of physical punishment at ages 7 and 11 predicted offending reliably - supporting the social learning theory for offending
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A metanalysis on self-control programs showed parent programs helped reduce delinquency (d=.38). Who's study was this?
Piquero et al, 2008
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What is the triarchic conceptualisation, and who developed the theory?
Patrick, Foule and Krueger, 2009 came up with three phenotypic constructs to describe offenders; inhibition (poor impulse control), meanness (aggressive resource seeking without regard for others) and boldness (emotional resiliency)
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Lykken (1951) found what about the typologies of psychopaths?
Primary psychopaths were found to have lower electrodermal conditioning, lower anxiety and fearlessness. Secondary psychopaths are characterised by higher levels of anxiety
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Who came up with 'the mask of sanity' and what three components did this theory include?
Harvey Cleckey (1941) Superficial charm, facade of normalness and severly callous
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What is the tool to assess psychopathy called?
PCL-R
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Describe the PCL-R
A 20-item construct rating scale adapted from Cleckley (1941) and includes a semi-structured interview as well as file based information on the interviewee
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Hare extended the PCL-R in which year and what were the facets he created?
2003, Facet 1- Interpersonal, Factor 2- Affective, Factor 3- Lifestyle, Facet 4- antisocial
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Distinguish between the two types of psychopaths (secondary and primary)
Primary psychopaths are synonymous with Cleckley (callous, charming and facade of normalness) and seconadry psychopaths are characterised by heightened levels of nervousness or anxiety and can be acquired by brain injury and socialisation
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Card 2

Front

Bowlby (1940) conducted interviews for 44 juvenile thieves and 44 controls non-offenders, as well as interviews with the parents. Almost 40% of juvenile thieves had experienced maternal deprivation for at least 6 months, 1/3 were affectionless

Back

What was the 44 thieves study?

Card 3

Front

Small sample, retrospective and no statistical tests carried out

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Oglive et al., (2014) carried out a metaanalysis on attachment type in offenders and found rapists were more avoidant, violent offenders were insecurely attached, sexual offenders were anxious and offenders in general were more insecurely attached

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Judy Farrington (2001) measure conviction rates and also carried out a self-report study showing delinquency rates increased with the absence of a father, highest rates with non-relatives and lowest rates with single mother

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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