Victims as Perpetrators (Forensic Psychology)
- Created by: poppy24463
- Created on: 11-05-20 17:08
View mindmap
- Victims as Perpetrators
- Factors associated with **** Perpetration
- Biology
- (neurodeficits) traumatic brain injuries or congential damage
- can lead to lack of control/understanding of concequence
- (neurodeficits) traumatic brain injuries or congential damage
- Mental Health/IQ
- certain IDs associated with insecure attachment type, low IQ, cluster b personality disorders
- Peer Pressure
- social learning
- Masculinities
- degrading gender attitudes
- parent IPV
- sexual entitlment
- early sexual initiation
- Sexuality
- deviant sexual fantasies
- Substance Use or Guns
- lack of control/ impulses
- Childhood and Family
- abuse or neglect
- parent IPV
- poverty
- parental separation
- Biology
- causation (difficult to determine)
- resilience
- types
- individual with particular personal strengths that helps them to withstand adversity
- coping in face of sustained and acute negative circumstances
- recovery from traumatic event
- characteristics
- self-efficacy
- adaptability
- social responsiveness
- high self-esteem
- sense of self-worth
- lack of dissociation
- supportive family environment
- lack of physical crowding, consistent enforced rules, well-balanced discipline, parental growth
- types
- dissociation
- what
- disruption in usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity or perception of the environment (apa, 2000)
- types
- amnesia (forget)
- absorption (aspect focus)
- depersonalisation/derealisation
- theories
- (dutton and hart, 1995)
- trauma/abuse memories surface, may seek to humiliate abuser and project anger
- (briere, 1996)
- self trauma model - abuse disrupts development of attribution systems so person unable to respond appropriately to relationships (e.g. criticism)
- (kardiner, 1941)
- individual acts as if trauma is still in existence and engages protective devices which failed at initial abuse
- (alexander, 1992; mccann & pearlman, 1990)
- abused tend to have insecure attachment style and develop negative models of the self and others
- (briere & runtz, 1993)
- psych processes can result in physical manifestations of trauma symptoms
- (dutton and hart, 1995)
- measure
- dissociative experiences scale
- DSM III criteria for dissociation disorders (28 item) - disturbances in memory, identity and cognition
- carlson and putnam, 1993
- dissociative experiences scale
- what
- resilience
- Risk Assessment of Offenders
- Unstructured Clinical Judgement
- Qualified professional provides opinion about offenders risk of re/offending
- Must be trained and understand factors known to correlate with offending behaviour
- Problems
- Clinicians give weight to different factors (roberts et al., 2001)
- Accuracy is little better than chance (tully et al., 2013)
- Qualified professional provides opinion about offenders risk of re/offending
- Actuarial Risk Assessmnet
- rates offender on known predictive variables
- Problems
- no account for individual differences or dynamic risk factors
- Structured Professional (Clinical) Judgement
- clinician judgement aided by guidelines about specific risk factors linked to reoffending
- consideration given to person-specific risk factors
- considerations
- applicability to offender
- resource implications
- theory/knowledge underpining
- reliability and validity
- Unstructured Clinical Judgement
- ****
- Classifcation: should be violent
- HCR-20 (history clinical risk management)
- webster et al., 1997
- accurately predicts violence in forensic populations (strand et al., 1999)
- structure (20 items
- historical (static) 10 items
- previous violence, young age at first incidence, relationship instability, employment problems, substance use problems, major mental illness, psychopathy, early maladjustment, personality disorders, prior supervision failure
- clinical (dynamic) 5 items
- lack of insight (concequences), negative attitudes, active symptoms of major mental illness, impulsivity, unresponsive to treatment
- risk management (projection) 5 items
- non-feasible plans, exposure to destabilisers, lack of personal support, noncompliance with remediation attempts, stress coping
- historical (static) 10 items
- Evaluation
- good inter-rater reliability
- Predictive validity for reoffending (fazel et al., 2012)
- clinical and RM factors most predictive (strand et al., 1998)
- Factors associated with **** Perpetration
- Risk Factors
- Static
- current age, age at first offence, gender, number of convictions
- Dynamic
- drug/alcohol,unemployment, antisocial attitudes, deviant peers, emotionaldyregulation
- Static
Comments
No comments have yet been made