Victims as Perpetrators (Forensic Psychology)

?
View mindmap
  • Victims as Perpetrators
    • Factors associated with **** Perpetration
      • Biology
        • (neurodeficits) traumatic brain injuries or congential damage
          • can lead to lack of control/understanding of concequence
      • Mental Health/IQ
        • certain IDs associated with insecure attachment type, low IQ, cluster b personality disorders
      • Peer Pressure
        • social learning
      • Masculinities
        • degrading gender attitudes
        • parent IPV
        • sexual entitlment
        • early sexual initiation
      • Sexuality
        • deviant sexual fantasies
      • Substance Use or Guns
        • lack of control/ impulses
      • Childhood and Family
        • abuse or neglect
        • parent IPV
        • poverty
        • parental separation
    • causation (difficult to determine)
      • resilience
        • types
          • individual with particular personal strengths that helps them to withstand adversity
          • coping in face of sustained and acute negative circumstances
          • recovery from traumatic event
        • characteristics
          • self-efficacy
          • adaptability
          • social responsiveness
          • high self-esteem
          • sense of self-worth
          • lack of dissociation
          • supportive family environment
            • lack of physical crowding, consistent enforced rules, well-balanced discipline, parental growth
      • dissociation
        • what
          • disruption in usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity or perception of the environment (apa, 2000)
        • types
          • amnesia (forget)
          • absorption (aspect focus)
          • depersonalisation/derealisation
        • theories
          • (dutton and hart, 1995)
            • trauma/abuse memories surface, may seek to humiliate abuser and project anger
          • (briere, 1996)
            • self trauma model - abuse disrupts development of attribution systems so person unable to respond appropriately to relationships (e.g. criticism)
          • (kardiner, 1941)
            • individual acts as if trauma is still in existence and engages protective devices which failed at initial abuse
          • (alexander, 1992; mccann & pearlman, 1990)
            • abused tend to have insecure attachment style and develop negative models of the self and others
          • (briere & runtz, 1993)
            • psych processes can result in physical manifestations of trauma symptoms
        • measure
          • dissociative experiences scale
            • DSM III criteria for dissociation disorders (28 item) - disturbances in memory, identity and cognition
            • carlson and putnam, 1993
    • Risk Assessment of Offenders
      • Unstructured Clinical Judgement
        • Qualified professional provides opinion about offenders risk of re/offending
          • Must be trained and understand factors known to correlate with offending behaviour
          • Problems
            • Clinicians give weight to different factors (roberts et al., 2001)
            • Accuracy is little better than chance (tully et al., 2013)
      • Actuarial Risk Assessmnet
        • rates offender on known predictive variables
        • Problems
          • no account for individual differences or dynamic risk factors
      • Structured Professional (Clinical) Judgement
        • clinician judgement aided by guidelines about specific risk factors linked to reoffending
        • consideration given to person-specific risk factors
      • considerations
        • applicability to offender
        • resource implications
        • theory/knowledge underpining
        • reliability and validity
    • ****
      • Classifcation: should be violent
    • HCR-20 (history clinical risk management)
      • webster et al., 1997
      • accurately predicts violence in forensic populations (strand et al., 1999)
      • structure (20 items
        • historical (static)      10 items
          • previous violence, young age at first incidence, relationship instability, employment problems, substance use problems, major mental illness, psychopathy, early maladjustment, personality disorders, prior supervision failure
        • clinical (dynamic)   5 items
          • lack of insight (concequences), negative attitudes, active symptoms of major mental illness, impulsivity, unresponsive to treatment
        • risk management (projection) 5 items
          • non-feasible plans, exposure to destabilisers, lack of personal support, noncompliance with remediation attempts, stress coping
      • Evaluation
        • good inter-rater reliability
        • Predictive validity for reoffending (fazel et al., 2012)
        • clinical and RM factors most predictive (strand et al., 1998)
  • Risk Factors
    • Static
      • current age, age at first offence, gender, number of convictions
    • Dynamic
      • drug/alcohol,unemployment, antisocial attitudes, deviant peers, emotionaldyregulation

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Forensic Psychology resources »