Forensic psychology - theories of crime

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  • Created by: aarafa11
  • Created on: 09-04-20 18:34
what is a theory
A systematic way of making sense of some phenomenon, enabling us to interpret, reconstruct, explain and predict
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how to do a scientific enquiry
describe phenomenon of interest; infer underlying cause; prediction of future of events
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what does it mean by infer underlying cause
why do phenomenon occur? make hypothesis. cant it be replicated? does it occur to others
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what is a forensic psychology theory
how and why an individual engages in criminal behaviour
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is it individual or social factor that make us commit crime
both
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how can social be a factor for someone to commit a crime
enviroment- where they have been brought up
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what was the view of someone's appearance, who commits crime in 1876
Ears stick out; flat/bent nose; thick lips
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what are the biological results of commiting crime
Gene XYY; 40% sons of fathers with criminal record followed suit; Monozygotic twins > dizygotic; Some link adoptees and natural parents
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what are the problems with the biological results of commiting crime
violent people don;t have the gene; genes don;t account for females; higher % of sons don't follw dad; adoptee has more to do with nurture than nature
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what true biology relates to committing crime
but susceptible to slow autonomic nervous system therefore slow to control impulsive behaviour; Serotonin=maintain mood balance; enzymes=higher levels of aggression; head injury; birth difficulties/early brain damage; high EEG in brain
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how does personality relate to committing crime
biological/individual responsibility; personality disorder; Adolescent male sex offenders less ability to empathize than normative group; Extraversion + Neuroticism + Psychoticism
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in 1986 when did Farrigton believe desistance from crime begins
by 25 (major crime)
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what are the divisions for the development of crime - relationship between age and crime
Adolescent limited – common, brief period, lose motivation, realise limits job/travel, move, marriage; start earlier, finish later due to possible neurological deficits and criminal/unsupportive environment
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why doesn't the "start early, finish late" desistance
may be easier to be in/out of prison; done a variety of crimes; hang around similar behaviour
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what is moral development
offenders lower level of– avoid punishment, gain reward, self interest rather than respect authority allow communities to flourish
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where is there a correlation between development and crime
insecure eary attachment and subsequent offending
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how does cognitive relate to committing crime
Rational choice=weighing the potential risks; Intelligence – assoc low ability/education. Poor learning so takes risks; less able to avoid detection; lower earning power ; Anger as antecedent
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what where the result between intelligence and crime
(IQ weak relationship= enviro influence is stronger)
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what are the types of social circumstances that relates to committing a crime
differential association; subcultural delinquency
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what is differential association
association with criminals learn attitude and how to commit crime
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what is subcultural delinquency
problems at home/school associate with gangs to achieve status, self-esteem and belonging
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what makes a suitable target
motivated offender with inadequate supervision; target is alone
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what is social learning theory
combines cognitive learning theory, which posits that learning is influenced by psychological factors, and behavioral learning theory, which assumes that learning is based on responses to environmental stimuli.
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what was farrington 04 cambridge study (BOYS)
Indiv -low IQ, impulsive, risk taking, aggressive; Family-poor supervision, abuse, criminal family; Socio-economic-low income, large family; School-high delinquency school; Neighbourhood- deprived, high crime; Peer-delinquent, rejection
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why ar etheories important in forensic psychology
Implications for offender profiling; Implications for treatment ; Understanding of multidisciplinary working
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what does it mean Implications for offender profiling
– look for individuals with certain backgrounds – e.g. likely early delinquency
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what does it mean Implications for treatment
– environmental changes may not help if biological causation; reduce association to criminal peers if social perspective
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what does it mean Understanding of multidisciplinary working
social workers (social) may have different views on causation to psychiatrists (biological/medical)
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how to do a scientific enquiry

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describe phenomenon of interest; infer underlying cause; prediction of future of events

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what does it mean by infer underlying cause

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what is a forensic psychology theory

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is it individual or social factor that make us commit crime

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