The October Reforms

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1. How did Germany become a parliamentary democracy?

  • Within The treaty of Versailles it was stated that the kaiser would have to abdicate and that Germany would have to create a republic and elect a president.
  • Ebert was elected chancellor. Plans to create the Wiemar Republic began. Kaiser Wilhelm 11 abdicated.
  • Prince Max of Baden was appointed chancellor. Wilhelm 11 gave up his powers over the army and the navy to the Reichstag. The Chancellor and the government were made accountable to the Reichsatg. Armistice negotiations were opened with the Allies.
  • Ebert was appointed chancellor. Wilhelm 11 gave up his powers over the army and the navy to the Reichsatg. The Chancellor and the government were made accountable to the Reichsatg. Armistice negotiations were opened with the Allies.
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2. How was power organised in Germany before WW1?

  • Germany had a constitutional monarchy ruled by emperor Wilhelm the 11
  • Germany had a autocratic monarchy. It was ruled by Wilhelm 11
  • Germany was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by Max of Baden
  • Germany was a Democratic republic ruled by Erich Ludendorff

3. What were Luddendorff's aims?

  • Luddendorff had one aim. It was heavily criticized by the public in fact it in sighted outrage. He advocated for Kaiser Wilhelm 11 to marry Elizabeth the 11. He believed it would solidify an alliance between Germany and Britain and ensure Britain be less harsh on Germany following WW1.
  • Luddendorff had two obvious aims and one cynical ulterior motive. His first aim was to secure for Germany the best possible peace treaty with the allies. Secondly he hoped change would prevent the outbreak of political revolution. His ulterior motive is k
  • Luddendorff had four aims. The first was to suppress the revolutionary groups that were emerging. The second to achieve the best possible peace treaty with the allies. The third was to control inflation. The final aim was to reform the military as they had failed in WW1 and should suffer from this.

4. Who was Erich Ludendorff?

  • A Prussian man who believed in extreme left wing ideas. He was an active advocate for communism in post war Germany, working alongside Rosa Luxembourg to create the Spartacists. He was murdered in prison after leading an attempted rebellion in Berlin.
  • A Prussian military general who contributed significantly to the German war effort. He masterminded the German final offensive, conceived the 'stab in the back myth' and collaborated with Hitler. By the end of WW1 he was effectively a wartime dictator.
  • A Prussian military general who failed spectacularly in the 'Battle of the Bulge'. He was famous for dabbling in extreme politics when he joined Hitler in the Munich Beer Hall Putsch.
  • A Prussian military general who was one of the creators of the National Socialist Party. He enjoyed almost dictatorial power in the war and was almost a celebrity following it. He was famously a mentor for Hitler.

5. What pushed Germany from political reform towards reveloution?

  • The widespread realization that the war was lost
  • The outrage of the far right that the Kasier would be giving up some of his powers.
  • The social discontent caused by food and fuel shortages.
  • The outrage caused by the Treaty of Versailles
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