The establishment of the Nazi

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  • Created by: Ionahar
  • Created on: 12-01-23 17:47
When was the Reichstag fire?
February 27th 1933
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What happened?
Germans parliament was burned down and they found a Dutch communist Van der Lubbe
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Name 3 ways Hitler used this to his advantage?
-He was able to remove the threat of communists from parliament, arresting 4000 communists
-Announced Germany was at threat to communist encouraging Nazi vote
-Hindenburg used Article 48 allowing the SA to raid peoples homes and censor newspapers and phon
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What did Hitler expect to happen on the next election?
He expected to win majority of the votes
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What were the results on the 5th march 1933 election?
The Nazi won 43.9% so they had to turn to the nationalist to help
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When was the enabling act?
23rd march 1933
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What was the enabling?
Because the Communists were no longer in the Reichstag, they voted 2/3 of the majority giving Hitler power to make decisions without the Reichstag
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How did this help Hitler?
It gave him legal dictatorship
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What happened on 2nd May 1933?
The end of Trade Unions helping Hitler abolish any further opposition to him and established the German Labour Front
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When was the night of the long Knives?
3oth June 1934
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What did the Leader of the SA want to do?
Earnt Rohm, leader of the SA wanted to merge with the Army, however army chiefs refused as the SA was viewed as problematic due to there methods
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What was Hitler's response to Rohm's requested?
He decided to execute the SA leaders on 'the night of the longs Knives'(under 100 were killed)
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Name the three consequences of the Night of the long Knives?
-Hitler gained the support of the conservative right and the Army gave an oath of loyalty to Hitler
-The ** became an independent organisation.
-Hitler became a legal dictator
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What was the main purpose of Propaganda?
To create 'Volksgemeinschaft'
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What was 'Volksgemeinshaft'?
-Glorifying war
-Glorifying the aryan race
-Spread of Nazi ideas
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Who was appointed minister of propaganda in 1933?
Joseph Goebbels
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What 4 departments were made to run propaganda?
-Film
-Theatre
-Radio
Press
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Name 3 main beliefs of the Nazi Party that were used in Propaganda?
-Hierarchy of races, Aryans at the top
-the blame on Jews for Germanys problems
-Anti-democracy, many believed that Germany need a strong Dictator
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What was the Hitler Myth?
It was the idea that Hitler could solve all of Germanys Problems, and was emphasised in Propaganda
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How did Goebbels control radios?
He bought broadcasting under Nazi control
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what percent of the German Population used radios?
25%
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What did the Nazi do to increase the amount of radio use in Germany to increase Propaganda?
The Government produced cheap sets called the 'peoples receiver'
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By 1939 how many people had radios?
70% of the population
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How was Radio use, helpful the the Nazi?
It ensured the Nazi had control of mass communication and it filled all aspects of life
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How had Goebbels controlled the press?
He closed all communist and soviet newspapers and put all the remaining ones under the Reich press chamber
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What did the editors law of 1933 do?
It ensured all newspapers spread Nazi ideas
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How did propaganda strengthen the Hitler myth?
Because it constantly reinforced this idea that Hitler was all powerful leader
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What were the Nuremberg rallies?
Rallies, held annually from 1933, glorified war and the military.
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What did the 1936 Olympics do?
Were intended to showcase the superior athleticism of the Master Race.
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What was the **?
It was an elite group of body guards responsible only to Hitler.
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Who became the head of the ** in 1929?
Heinrich Himmler
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What sectret police group was created inside the **?
The SD
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In 1934 what did Himmler become responsible for?
The state police and the Gestapo
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Name the 4 departments that made up the **?
-SD
-Waffen **
-Gestapo
-Kripo
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What was the Gestapo?
Secret state police
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How many informants did the Gestapo have?
150,000
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What did the informative's do?
Report any spread of anti-Nazi ideas
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What did Wardens do?
Look closely into 40 house/apartments to ensure the Nazi flag was up and people attended rallies.
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How many block wardens were in Germany?
2 million
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Name 3 effects the war had on the police state?
-the role of policing increased
-The military expanded from 3 divisions to 35
-The 'new order' was created
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What was the 'New order'?
the social, political, and economical integration of Nazi in Europe
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When were the concentration camps established?
1933
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What happened to opponents in these concentration camps?
They were tortured, forced to do hard labour, and re-educated to Nazi ideals.
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When Himmler took control over the camps, how many inmates were they?
3000
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what did the 3000 inmates suggest?
That the 're-education' had been successful
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What did the camps focus on in 1936?
Asocials
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What happened to the camps in 1942?
They became execution camps for Jews as they did not fit the Volksgemeinshaft
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How many people were eventually held in these camps by Jan 1945?
714,211
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What was the support for the Nazi regime like?
many Germans welcomed the stability and economic growth of an authoritarian regime
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Why had Hitler hated religion?(2)
-its values contradicted his ideas
-it was a rival for people’s loyalty and obedience
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What had the social democrats done as opposition to the Nazi?
Produce anti-Nazi propaganda and tried to keep socialist ideas alive
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What was the impact of the social demcrats?
Not very impactful as they were more concerned with self preservation
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What were the actions carried out by the trade unions?
They carried out strikes from 1935-36 and 1945
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What was the impact of Trade unions?
They proved very ineffective and therefore were a real threat
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Which bishop attacked Nazi policy's?
Bishop Galen of Munster
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What policy's did Bishop Galen attack?
Euthanasia
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What is Euthanasia?
Killing of people in society who are ill or disabled as they do not contribute to Germany
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Was Bishop Galen and other Bishops effective?
They did not prove effective but they did temporarily stop euthanasia?
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Name the 3 youth groups?
-the swing youth
-the Edelweiss pirates
-the white rose group
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Who were the edelweiss pirates?
They were a collective of local anti-Nazi resistance groups founded largely in western Germany. Aged 14 to 17, these teenagers rejected the Hitler Youth’s and League of German Girls’
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How did they reacted to the discipline of the Hitler Youth?
-daubing anti-Nazi slogans
- singing pre-1933 folk songs
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How many of them were arrested in 1942?
over 700
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Who did they kill in 1944?
killed the Gestapo chief, so the Nazis publicly hanged 12 of them.
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What are the white rose group?
They were an anti-Nazi group formed by students at Munich University in 1943.
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what sort of activities did they do?
They published anti-Nazi leaflets and marched through the city in protest at Nazi policies
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Who were the leaders of the The white rose group?
Hans and Sophie Scholl
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Were they effective?
No, they were arrested and tortured
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Who were the swing youth?
They were a group that promoted anti-Nazi ideas and listened to Jazz music
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Why did the Army's support for Hitler decline?
It declined because of defeated Stalingrad and opposition developed
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What had some commanders begun to plot?
The July bomb plot
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Who was in charge of the July bomb plot?
Stauffenburg
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What was the economic miracle?
It showed that there was very little opposition as life had improved and many had jobs and were willing to complie.
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Name 3 reasons why the Nazi had little opposition?
-Terror-the gestapo had caused lots of fear in German people and concentration camps
-opposition groups were divided
-The Nazi decided to take more intensive actions in secret
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Who was the minister of economic from 1934-1937?
Hjalmar Schacht
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What did Hjalmar Schacht do to bring about economic recovery?
Used a lot of public investment
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What did the public investments result in?
Deficit financing
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Name 4 of Hjalmar Schacht's policies?
-setting interest rates at a low level
-rescheduling the debts of local authorities
-Giving assistance to farmers
-Introducing public works
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What did these policies result in?
-Government expenditure rose by 70%
-unemployment fell
-Balance of trade deficits(country was short on money)
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What did Schacht's plan include?(3)
-Government got control of all trade tariffs, capital and currency exchange
-Government choose specific imports(mainly focused on rearmament)
-Mefo bills were introduced
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What was the actual result of Schacht's plan by 1936?
The balance of payment problem got worse so Schacht's wanted to focus on the increase of industrial production
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What debate arouse from this?
'guns or butter'
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What plan was put in place in 1936 to over come the balance of payment?
Gorings 4 year plan
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What was the aim of the 4 year plan?
The aim was to increase self-suffientcy in food and industrial production
increase the speed of rearmament
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Name 3 policy under Gorings 4-year plan?
-Increase agricultural production
-Increase the production of raw materials
-Control the labour force to increase production
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In what industry did production rise?
Alluminum
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What industries did it not reach the aimed level?
Rubber and oil
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When war broke out what did Germany still depend on?
one third of its raw materials were imports
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How many aircrafts had the 4 year plan been able to produce?
10,000
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In Schacht's plan, What had Mefo bills helped to do?
Disguise government spending and allow for further
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Under the new plan, What was the percent was the increase of industrial production in 1934?
60% of that in 1933
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What was the Nazi view of women?
That they should have big families and not go to work
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What were the 3 'k's' that women were meant to be devoted to?
Kinder,Kuche,Kirche
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What were women allowed to do under the weimar?
-drink
-smoke
-Go to night clubs
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Name 3 expectations of a women in Nazi Germany?
-Not smoke
-Not use makeup
-Wear full length skirts
-Know how to cook
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Name 1 Nazi policy before 1937?
Intrest free loans of 600 marks to leave work.
(the Nazi heavily discriminated against females in the work place in favour of men)
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What education policy was adopted in 1934?
Girls were not allowed to enter Higher education and Gramma schools were abolished because they taught Latin a requirement for university's
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What were the Nazi polices after 1937?
There was a labour shortage which required women to work in factories
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What was the rise from females working in 1937 to 1939?
5.7 million to 7.1million
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Name 4 measure the Nazi took to increase the size of families?
-Anti-abortion Laws
- Limited contraception advice
-increased family loans
-reduced taxes for large families
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What was the name of the propaganda campagni created to increase birth rate?
Mothers cross
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What did the Nazi use the education systems for?
To indoctrinate the youth
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Name 3 ways the education system changed?
-Unreliable teachers were removed
-Schools were centralised around the Ministry of education
-Courses were organised for non-Nazi teachers
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What subject was prioritised?
PE to create soilders
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Name 2 schoold that were created by the Nazi?
the Napolas-State boarding schools ran by the **
-Ordensburgen,a type of school made to produce the elite for Hitler's society
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Name the 2 youth groups for boys and girls created in Nazi Germany?
Hitler youth
and
League of German Girls
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Name 4 reasons why the Nazi were so concerned with education of young people?
-The future of the 1000 year Reich
-The young were soldiers of the future
-Girls had a particular role to play
-Education could stress the importance of the Nazi
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Card 2

Front

What happened?

Back

Germans parliament was burned down and they found a Dutch communist Van der Lubbe

Card 3

Front

Name 3 ways Hitler used this to his advantage?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did Hitler expect to happen on the next election?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What were the results on the 5th march 1933 election?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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