the junction between the axon terminal of the neuron and the dendrite of the next in a neural pathway
synapse
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the gap between the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron and the dendrite of a presynaptic neuron at a synapse
synaptic cleft
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part of the neuron which contains the nucleus with its DNA and which controls the activity of the cell
cell body
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a substance made largely of lipoprotein which is wrapped around the axon of sensory-motor neurons by a type of glial cell
myelin
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part of the neuron which carries impulses towards the cell body
dendrites
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an organ capable of responding to a stimulus from a motor neuron
effector
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cells that support and maintain neurons
glial cells
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a range of chemicals which convey messages between neurons, or neurons and effectors
neurotransmitters
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small lipoprotein-lined, vacuole-like structures, in the case of synaptic vesicles about 40nm in diameter
vesicles
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a psychological state which is less immediately affected by events than emotion, and less permanent that personality or temperament
mood
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the response of an organism to internal and external stimuli
behaviour
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interconnected areas of the cerebral cortex and mid-brain which regulates and controls behaviour by inducing pleasurable effects and, when activated, reinforces behaviour
reward pathway
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neurotransmitter involved in the reward pathway of the brain, which is also important in a wide range of other brain functions including sleep, mood, attention, working memory and learning
dopamine
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opioid peptides produced by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus which act as neurotransmitters to reduce pain and increase feelings of well-being
endorphins
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continued indulgence in a behaviour despite the negative consequences- may be psychological or physiological
addiction
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a neuron at which an impulse arrives first at a synapse, which releases neurotransmitters to signal to the postsynaptic neuron
presynaptic
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the effect of a druug increases the more it is taken as a result of an increase in the number and sensitivity of neurons- the drugs involved are antagonists
sensitisation
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the effect of the drug reduces with repeated exposure because there is a decrease in the number and sensitivity of receptors- the drugs involved are agonists
desensitisation
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increasing doses of a drug are required to achieve the same effect. results from the reduction in the number and sensitivity of receptors caused by repeated exposure to agonist drugs
tolerance
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
the gap between the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron and the dendrite of a presynaptic neuron at a synapse
Back
synaptic cleft
Card 3
Front
part of the neuron which contains the nucleus with its DNA and which controls the activity of the cell
Back
Card 4
Front
a substance made largely of lipoprotein which is wrapped around the axon of sensory-motor neurons by a type of glial cell
Back
Card 5
Front
part of the neuron which carries impulses towards the cell body
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