higher human 2.5 + 2.6 0.0 / 5 ? Human Biologyheart structure and blood vesselsScottish HighersSQA Created by: jennylock2Created on: 10-02-22 11:21 What blood vessels take blood away from the heart? Arteries 1 of 40 What happens to the blood pressure as the blood moves further away from the heart? It decreases 2 of 40 What term describes the internal space in a blood vessel? Lumen 3 of 40 Starting from the outside what is the order of layers of tissue in arteries and veins? connective tissue - muscle - endothelium - Lumen 4 of 40 Why are the elastic fibres in the connective tissue important? They allow the walls of the artery to stretch and recoil to accomodate blood surges. 5 of 40 Why do arteries have a thick layer of smooth muscle? They contract and relax to control blood flow. 6 of 40 what is vasoconstriction? The smooth muscle contracts and reduces blood flow 7 of 40 What is vasodilation? The smooth muscle relaxes and increases blood flow 8 of 40 Which blood vessels contain valves? Veins 9 of 40 What is the purpose of valves? To prevent back flow of blood 10 of 40 Which blood vessels have a thicker muscular layer? Arteries 11 of 40 What is pressure filtration? Blood flows at high pressure from the arterioles in to the capillaries, pushing plasma through to the tissue fluid. 12 of 40 What substance does not pass through to the tissue fluid from plasma. proteins 13 of 40 What substances diffuse from tissue fluid to the cells? oxygen and glucose 14 of 40 What happens to most of the tissue fluid after exchange of materials has occured? most of the tissue fluid is returned to the blood 15 of 40 What is the role of the lymph vessels it absorbs excess tissue fluid and returns it to the circulatory system 16 of 40 How do you calculate Cardiac OUtput Heart rate x Stroke volume 17 of 40 which blood vessel takes blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs? Pulmonary artery 18 of 40 What does Systole mean? Contraction of the heart muscle 19 of 40 What does Diastole mean? The heart muscle relaxes - the heart fills with blood. 20 of 40 which valves are open during atrial systole? AV valves only 21 of 40 Which blood vessels takes blood in to the right atrium? Vena cava 22 of 40 Describe where blood is flowing during ventricular systole Blood is being pushed out of the ventricles and leaving the heart through the aorta and pulmonary arteries. 23 of 40 What causes the heart sounds heard in a stethoscope? the opening and closing of the AV and SL valves 24 of 40 Which valves are open during ventricular systole? SL valves 25 of 40 Where is the SAN (pacemaker) located? the right atrium 26 of 40 what happens when the impulses spread from the SAN through the atrium? atrial systole 27 of 40 what happens when the impulses move from the AVN down through the septum and in to the ventricular muscle? ventricular systole 28 of 40 What equiptment is used to show the elctrical impulses of the heart? ECG (Electrocardiogram) 29 of 40 The parasympathetic and sympathetic pathways are part of which nervous system pathway? autonomic 30 of 40 What effect does the sympathetic pathway have on heart rate? Increases 31 of 40 Which neurotransmitter is released in the sympathetic nerve? noradrenaline 32 of 40 which autonomic pathway decreases heart rate? parasympathetic 33 of 40 which neurotransmitter is released from the parasympathetic nerve? acetylcholine 34 of 40 what term is used to describe high blood presure? hypertension 35 of 40 what equipment is used to measure blood pressure? sphygomomanometer 36 of 40 what is a normal blood pressure reading for a healthy young person? 120/80mmHg 37 of 40 What does the first (top) number shows in a blood pressure reading. systolic pressure 38 of 40 what disease does high blood pressure increase the risk of? coronary heart disease 39 of 40 Which blood pressure reading is recorded when blood is flowing freely and there is no pulse sound detected? diastolic pressure 40 of 40
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