The cardiovascular system
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- Created by: Katieflinders05
- Created on: 26-12-21 19:30
Name of red blood cells
Erythrocytes
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Name of white blood cells
Leucocytes
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Definition of plasma
The liquid part of blood. It’s mostly water but contains a weak solution of salts, glucose, amino acids clock, vitamins, urea, proteins and fats
(55%)
(55%)
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White blood cells
Involved in the immune system. Help destroy bacteria. It consists of neutrophils,lymphocytes and monocytes
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Neutrophils
B-type cells produce antibodies
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Lymphocytes
T type sells destroy viruses and cancer cells
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Monocytes
Remove dead cells and bacteria
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Red blood cells
Carry oxygen and some carbon dioxide
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Platelets
Triggers blood clotting. Without it you would bleed to death
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Lipoproteins
Proteins that carry elements that can’t dissolve in water E.G. fats
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Pathogen
Disease causing organisms, like bacteria, parasites and viruses
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Antigens
They form antibodies
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Antibodies
Lock onto specific chemicals in the walls of the bacteria and parasites, immobilising them and making them targets for the monocytes that then kill them and break them down
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Coagulation
A chain reaction that converts the soluble blood protein (fibrinogen) into an insoluble form (fibrin) ,That form is Annette structure, trapping platelets and erythrocytes to form a clot. This reaction is set off by tiny cell fragments from the bone marrow
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Double circulatory system
The heart pumps blood through to circuits, the pulmonary and systemic
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Systemic circuit
Left side of heart receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps it around the body
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Pulmonary circuit
Right side of heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs
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Myogenic
The heart muscle is myogenic – It can beat automatically without stimulation by nerves
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Cardiac cycle
The coordinated flow of blood through the heart. Takes place on average 70 times per minute
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Systole
Ventricles contract, pumping blood out
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Diastole
Heart relaxes and atria fill with blood
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The SA node (Sino – atrial node)
Coordinates rhythm of heart and insures both atria contract simultaneously by passing an electrical current through the atria
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AV node (Atrial – ventricular)
At the bottom of the right atrium. It slows the electrical impulses it receives from the SA node to allow ventricles to fill with blood
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Purkyne fibres
Carry currents down the middle of the ventricles to the base of the heart . This allows the bottom of the heart to contract first, resulting in upwards squeezing action, forcing blood out into arteries
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ECG (electrocardiogram)
Shows the electrical signal generated by the SA node as it travels through the atria, the AV node and the ventricles. Electrodes are attached to the chest and fed to a computer screen. The activity of the heart is shown in waves or spikes
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P wave
A small blip – shows the moment the atria are both contracting
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QRS wave
A biggest spike after a P wave that shows the ventricles contract in (systole)
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T-wave
A small wave – shows the ventricles relaxing (diastole)
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Arteries
– Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
– Walls of thick, elastic and muscular blood is under high-pressure
– Blood flows in pulses (arteries expand and recoil)
– Small internal diameter
– Walls of thick, elastic and muscular blood is under high-pressure
– Blood flows in pulses (arteries expand and recoil)
– Small internal diameter
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Capillaries
– Walls are one cell thick
– They are microscopic
– They surround and interweave between cells and tissues
– They supply tissues with oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products like carbon dioxide
– They are microscopic
– They surround and interweave between cells and tissues
– They supply tissues with oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products like carbon dioxide
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Veins
– Carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart
– Walls are thin with a little muscle as blood is under low pressure
– Contain valves to prevent back flow
– Large internal diameter
– Often between muscles so movements help squeeze blood along
– Walls are thin with a little muscle as blood is under low pressure
– Contain valves to prevent back flow
– Large internal diameter
– Often between muscles so movements help squeeze blood along
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Osmosis
The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one
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Osmotic pressure
Pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane
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Lymph
– Water with fluid drained by the lymphatic system
– Formed from plasma
– Contains white blood cells
– Involved in the removal of waste and infectious organisms from tissues
– Formed from plasma
– Contains white blood cells
– Involved in the removal of waste and infectious organisms from tissues
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Tissue fluid
– Fluid between body cells
– Carries nutrients and oxygen to tissue cells
– Is formed from filtering of blood from capillaries due to hydrostatic pressure
– Carries nutrients and oxygen to tissue cells
– Is formed from filtering of blood from capillaries due to hydrostatic pressure
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Blood plasma
– Liquid component of blood
– Contains plasma proteins, which have roles in blood clotting and supporting the immune system
– Osmotic regulation
– Contains plasma proteins, which have roles in blood clotting and supporting the immune system
– Osmotic regulation
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Osmotic regulation
Control of the water content of the body, avoiding too much water entering or leaving the cells
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Lymphatic system
– A drainage and filtration system
– It removes excess fluid from body tissues
– It absorbs fatty acids and transports fat into the bloodstream to be absorbed in the small intestine
– It produces white blood cells (which produce antibodies)
– It removes excess fluid from body tissues
– It absorbs fatty acids and transports fat into the bloodstream to be absorbed in the small intestine
– It produces white blood cells (which produce antibodies)
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Lymph nodes
Swellings along the lymphatic system. They store and develop lymphocytes that screen the returning tissue fluid or lymph for pathogens , destroying any that are found. When fighting an infection these notes well so we are often refer to our glands swellin
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Hydrostatic pressure
Pressure from heart contractions that forces water and dissolved substances in plasma out through capillary walls into surrounding tissues, forming tissue fluid
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Hypertension
High blood pressure
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Systolic pressure
Higher number – the force at which your heart pumps blood around your body
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Diastolic pressure
Lower number – the resistance of the bloodflow in the blood vessels
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Coronary heart disease
Issues concerning the Coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle itself with nutrients and oxygen
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Name of white blood cells
Back
Leucocytes
Card 3
Front
Definition of plasma
Back
Card 4
Front
White blood cells
Back
Card 5
Front
Neutrophils
Back
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