Transmitted via direct contact, or indirectly by
vectors, direct exposure, or soil
Human-to-human transmission by aerosolized
microorganisms in droplets, primary means of respiratory tract infections;
physical contact
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colonization p2
After depositing in the receptive environment -
microorganism stabilizes adherence to the tissue
through specific surface receptors, this helps
protect removal of the pathogen by mechanical
forces
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invasion
The infectious agent can invade surrounding tissues/other
sites
Developed mechanisms to penetrate tissues & avoid
host’s nonspecific and specific defenses (inflammation
& immunity)
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multiplication
Warm, nutrient-filled host environment
Undergo rapid multiplication – replicate within infected
cells (viral pathogens); replicate in macrophages &
other cells (bacterial pathogens)
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spread
Produce localized infections without spread to other
regions of the body
▪ Others highly invasive - may enter lymphatics, blood,
internal organs
c
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spread p2
▪ Successful spread - relies on virulence factors –
adhesion molecules, toxins & protection against host’s
inflammatory and immune system – Fungi are
opportunistic
If host has:
▪ Intact immune system – microorganism remains localized
▪ Immune or inflam
6 of 6
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
After depositing in the receptive environment -
microorganism stabilizes adherence to the tissue
through specific surface receptors, this helps
protect removal of the pathogen by mechanical
forces
Back
colonization p2
Card 3
Front
The infectious agent can invade surrounding tissues/other
sites
Developed mechanisms to penetrate tissues & avoid
host’s nonspecific and specific defenses (inflammation
& immunity)
Back
Card 4
Front
Warm, nutrient-filled host environment
Undergo rapid multiplication – replicate within infected
cells (viral pathogens); replicate in macrophages &
other cells (bacterial pathogens)
Back
Card 5
Front
Produce localized infections without spread to other
regions of the body
▪ Others highly invasive - may enter lymphatics, blood,
internal organs
c
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