Discovery of new lands, inventions, more realistic art, spread of ideas
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Printing press
machine which could print books - allowed quicker, more accurate communication of knowledge
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new treatments
new lands meant new treatments; bark of cinchona tree - malaria, opium - pain relief, lemons - scurvy
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dissections
cutting up dead bodies. Graves often robbed to supply bodies.
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The great plague
fleas on rats again spread the plague. rich moved to countryside, victims were quarantined. Red crosses were painted on doors/watchmen stopped victims leaving. bodies buried in pits
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plague pits
at night, bodies were brought out and placed on carts, buried in mass pits. fires removed 'poisons' in the air.
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plague doctors
wore protective suit; overcoat, mask with glass eye, beak shaped nose stuffed with herbs, cane to examine and direct patients without touching.
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quack doctors
travelling salesman who sold all sorts of medicines, often fake cures. unqualified, often useless 'doctor'.
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artificial limbs
false arms/legs for people who had amputations e.g. often soldiers
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valves
control blood flow to/from the heart - Harvey experimented to show blood could only go around the body one way
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ligatures
thread used in surgery to tie a knot round vessels to stop bleeding. nicer than cauterisation but took longer and could cause infection to the wound.
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opium
early anaesthetic, discovered in Turkey. difficult to get dosage right.
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physiology
study of how the body works e.g. organs, movement, reproduction
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symptoms
physical/mental feature which indicates a condition of disease
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specimens
animal/plant used to display. E.g. Hunter had fossils, embryos, organs and skeleton of irish giant.
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scientific experiments
a test under controlled conditions to prove or disprove an idea
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dissolution of the monasteries
in the reformation, Henry VIII changed religion from Catholicism to protestantism and closed down many rich monasteries. used some of money to open hospitals
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hospitals
until 17th century, mostly places to rest and pray. 18th century; used modern methods to cure. medical schools were attached and doctors received training. certain wards and hospitals became specialised.
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private subscription
local people paid for construction/running of new hospital
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inoculation
put weakened germs of disease into a healthy person to build immunity against stronger form of same disease. made doctors lots of money. made famous by lady Mary montagu. Poor could not afford it
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vaccinations
dead germs of disease or similar one to build immunity. E.g. cowpox used to protect against smallpox.
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opposition
many doctors faced criticism for their work. E.g. people thought vaccination was 'ungodly', repulsive.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
machine which could print books - allowed quicker, more accurate communication of knowledge
Back
Printing press
Card 3
Front
new lands meant new treatments; bark of cinchona tree - malaria, opium - pain relief, lemons - scurvy
Back
Card 4
Front
cutting up dead bodies. Graves often robbed to supply bodies.
Back
Card 5
Front
fleas on rats again spread the plague. rich moved to countryside, victims were quarantined. Red crosses were painted on doors/watchmen stopped victims leaving. bodies buried in pits
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