What does the term 'dementia praecox' created by Emile Kraeplin (1883) mean?
The first term for SZ, means irreversible mental deterioration, featuring disordered thinking and departures from reality
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What are delusions? (DSM V)
Fixed beliefs that are not susceptible to change in light of conflicting evidence
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What is a delusion of grandeur?
A belief that one has special powers, or is a famous/otherwordly figure (e.g Napoleon or God)
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What did McGlashan (2006) say about the prevalence of SZ?
SZ is less severe than it used to be, inverse relationship between phenotypic severity and reproductive capacity.
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What is a major clinical flaw with the classification of SZ as a disorder?
Individuals with the disorder will vary substantially on most features as SZ is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome
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What did research by Jacob & Winkler (1927) find?
After removing cerebrospinal fluid from concious patients, the majority showed more enlarged left rather than right ventricles
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What was found in a study focusing on the lateral ventricles in two identical twins?
The abled twin had smaller lateral ventricles than the SZ twin
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In which brain area are enlargements thought to be associated with SZ?
Temporal lobe
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Where were enlargements found in Shenton et als (1992) study?
Left sylvian fissure and left temporal horn in SZ pps
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What did research by Barta et al (1990) find about the Temporal lobe?
There was an inverse relationship between the size of the left superior temporal gyrus and the severity of hallucinations in SZ pps.
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What did research by Falkai et al (2000) show?
SZ pre-alpha cells tended to be generally closer to their starting positions
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Which 2 groups in Seidman et al's (2002) study had the lowest left hippocampal volume?
SZ pps and their non-psychotic relatives
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What did DeLisi et al (2006) find?
Both SZ and pre-SZ pps showed reduced laterality of language function.
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Where was grey matter lost consistency in adolescents (even at age 13yrs) with SZ?
Parietal, temporal and frontal lobes
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What did a meta-analysis of 13 studies by Kempton et al (2010) show?
Ventricular dilation begins very early in SZ afflicted brains, before or shortly after birth
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What was the most significant cause of SZ according to Torrey & Bowler (1990)?
Urbanisation
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What did Bracha et al (1992) find in their twin study?
Neural + skin cell migration responsible for fingerprint development in second trimester, SZ twins very different from non-SZ twins
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How are virus/infections linked to rates of SZ?
Some may interfere with neural adhesiveness needed for smooth migration during 2nd trimester
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How do retroviruses work in the body?
They intergrate with chromosomes to replicate and insert selves into the germline. Arpund 42% of human DNA. Usually lie dormant until activation upon which begin replication again
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Which agents has HERV-W retrovirus been activated by?
Toxoplasma gondii (found in cat feces)and Influenza virus
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are delusions? (DSM V)
Back
Fixed beliefs that are not susceptible to change in light of conflicting evidence
Card 3
Front
What is a delusion of grandeur?
Back
Card 4
Front
What did McGlashan (2006) say about the prevalence of SZ?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is a major clinical flaw with the classification of SZ as a disorder?
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