Social Policy

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  • Created by: Ellen122
  • Created on: 21-03-21 17:11
Policy
A set of rules/strategies/plans/procedre
A rule/strategy or plan put in place by the government in order to help reduce the crime that exists in the country
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Eugenics
Improving the genetic quality of the human population - Francis Galton
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The 'Master Race'
Nazi Germany a regime that is estimated to have killed 200,000 disabled people and forcible sterilised twice that number
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Lombroso
Theory of the born or hereditary criminal provided scientific basis of many attempts to solve the problem of crime in society by eliminating reproductive opportunities for criminals through institutionalism, prisons or surgical sterilisation
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Eugenics in Britain
Supporters called for government policies to improve the biological quality for the human race through 'selective parenthood'
Linked physical and learning disabilities to a range of social problems, including crime, vagrancy, alcoholism, prostitution and
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Chemical Castration
Reduces libido meaning it reduces the risk of an individual reoffending
Not every person lose sexual duntion
Relies on the long-term compliance of the individual
Overtreatment versus punishment
Coercion and lack of valid consent
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Chemical Castration in the UK
Several campaigns
Introduced on a voluntary basis in 2007
2019 - only 120 serious sexual offenders, could be up to 1500
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Alan Turing
Homosexual
Wartime mathematician who cracked the Nazi Germany's Enigma code
Stripped of his job and chemically castrated after being castrated for gross indecency in 1952 for having sex with a man
Killed himself at 41 years old
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Chemical Castration Mandatory
Poland
Russia
Certain US states - Alabama, Oklahoma, Moldova
Indonesia
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Chemical Castration Voluntary
Germany
France
Sweden
Denmark
Argentina
California and Texas
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Surgical Castration Mandatory
Nigeria
Czech Republic
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European Committee
2012
Prevention of Torture denouced castration practices in German prisons
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Chemical Castration Pros
Awareness of consquences
Help protect the public
Help with release and rehabilitation
Reduce rates of crime towards women
Awareness of the severity
Can help the individual
Eliminated possibility of testicular cancer and reduces risk of prostate disease
Re
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Chemical Castration Cons
Does not guarantee
Limited application
Medical side effects
Victims may feel let down
Not cost effective
More about psychological pleasure than physical
Loss muscle mass
Cause psychological harm
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Diet and Brain Chemistry
Influences it
Food additives, pollution or hypoglycaemia
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Serotonin
Low levels linked with higher aggression
Regulates signals between neurons and is said to control a person's mood
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Scerbo and Raine 1993
Conducted a meta-analysis on 29 studies into antisocial adutls and children
Found low levels in all of them
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Foods that Control Serotonin Levels
Dark chocolate
Cheese
Nuts
Salmon
Turkey
Chicken
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Steroids
Large doses cause violence - roid rage
Increase muscle growth as well as testosterone levels
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Horace Williams
American bodybuilder
Beat a man to death after taking 2000 times the recommended doasage of steroids
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Young Offenders and Diet
Good nutrition can reduce the risk of re-offending
Poor nutrition can cause issues with concentration, linked with violent or aggressive behaviour and linked to poor physical and mental health
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Research 2002
Inmates given nutritional supplements at HM Prison Aylebury committed 25% fewer offences than inmates who had been given a placebo
Attempt to embrace the balance of good health models so they aim to provide nutritionally balanced and healthy diets
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Schenthaler 1982
Reducing sugar in an individual's diet helped to reduce anti-social behaviour by 48%
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Schools and Criminality
Healthy eating
Breakfast clubs
Mentoring programmes
Bullying prevention
Improvement of social skills
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
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Capital Punishment
The legally authorised killing of someone as punishment for a crime
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The Children Act of 1908
Outlawed the execution of children under the age of 16 years old
Before children as young as 14 were considered adults and children as young as 7 could face the death penalty if malice was proven though rare
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The Children and Young Person Act of 1933
Outlawed the death sentence for any person under 18 at the time of the crime
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Sentence of Death (Expectant Mothers) Act 1931
Abolished the death penalty for pregnant women
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Labour Party
Formed in 1906
Gained its first sets in Parliament in the 1920s
Earned first majority in 1945 and in 1947
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Criminal Justice Bill 1947
Introduced into the House of Commons by Sydney Silverman
Proposed a clause which would suspend the death penalty for five years
Passed free vote in the Commons it failed in the House of Lords
Compromised be setting up a royal comission
Scope of inquiry w
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The Infanticide Act 1922
Made killing a newborn baby by its mother no longer a capital crime
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The Infantacide Act Adaptation 1938
Removed the death penalty for women who killed their babies in the first year
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Death Penalty (Abolition) Bill 1956
Passed by Parliament on second reading in March
Overruled by the House of Lords
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Syndey Silverman
July 1953
Introudced a bill to suspend the death penalty for five years - defeated in the Commons
February 1955
Proposed another amendment which was rejected by the Commons
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Chuter Ede
Proposed an amendment to suspend capital punishment five years in February 1956
Passed in Commons
Failed in the House of Lords
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Homicide Bill 1957
Conservative government proposed the new bill to separate murder into two degrees
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Categories Worthy of Capital Punishment
Murder committed in the course of furtherthance of theft
Murder by shotting or explosion
Murder whilst resisting arrest or furing an escape
Murder of a police officer
Murder of a prison officer by a prisoner
Two murders committed on different occasions
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Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Bill
Proposed bill to eliminate capital punishment in the UK for an experimental five years
Pased in Commons and Lords
November 8 1965 - bill given Royal Asset and became law
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Exceptions
Treason
Priary with violence
Arson in dock yards
Offences under the Navy Disciplin Act 1957, the Army Act 1955, and the Air Force Act 1955
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Permant
The Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty Act became permanent in 1969
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Crime and Disorder Act 1998
Adopted two clauses of European protocol that secured abolition in the UK permanently
If restored Parliament would have to denounce the European Convention on Human Rights
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Timothy Evans
Hanged for the murder of his 14-month-old daughter and wife
A testimony from neighbour John Christie helped to convict him however it was later discovered he was a serial killer and necrophilic
He had a very low IQ
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Derek Bentley
Involved in a robbery in 1952 where his accomplice, Christopher Craig, shot PC Sidney Miles
Craig was too young for the death penalty so he was imprisoned for 10 years
Executed in 1953 at 19 years old
Low IQ
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Ruth Ellis
April 10th 1955 - shot her lover David Blakely, he was an alcoholic and abusive
Pleaded guilt to murder and sentenced to death
13 June 1955 - last woman executed in England
Public outrage due to her being a mother who was abused by the man she killed and
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Societal Norms
Public opinion changed due to the cases of innocent people being killed
World Wars meant people were sick of death
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Social Policy
Government documentation on a range of social issues, including poverty, education and crime
Consists of guidelines, principles, legislation and activities that affect the living conditions conducive to human welfare, such as a person's quality of life or
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Social Change
Refers to the changing structure of society characterized by changing norms of behaviour or value systems
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Sociologists Definition of Social Change
Changes in human interactions and relationships that transform cultural and social institutions
Changes occur over time and often have profound and long-term consquences for society
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Values
Understanding right from wrong, personal values - things people feel is correct
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Norms
'Normal' behaviour is a society
Social expectations that guide behaviour
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Mores
Morals, or good ways of behaving
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Public Perception
A belief or opinion about crime, held by the majority of people in society
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Demographic Changes
Any change in the structure of society, e.g. increasing life expectancy, changing family structures etc.
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Cultural Changes
Changes in norms and values of a particular culture
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Anti-Smoking Laws 1930s
Normal and Fashionable to smoke
Glamourised
Encouraged (even by doctors)
Film stars would smoke in films
Able to smoke indoors, restaurants and cars, and beside children
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Anti-Smoking Laws Mid-1950s
Research published confirming the link between smoking and lung cancer
Growing concerns over the danger of smoking
Disappearance of doctors in cigarette adverts
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Reasons for Change in Smoking Laws
Increased knowledge from research
Public concern about the dangers of smoking, particularly around children and the dangers of passive smoking
Demographic change people living longer so more people facing disease and illness as a result of smoking
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How Smoking Laws have Changed?
Anti-smoking campaigns - ASH - action on smoking and health
Health Act 2006 banned smoking in enclosed public and work spaces
Children and Families Act 2014 prohibited smoking in vehicles when children are present
Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act 200
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Up Skirting
When an individual takes pictures of someone without their consent underneath their clothing without thier knowledge, in an effort to view their genitals or buttocks
Common on public transport
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Voyeurism (Offences) Act
Upskirting Bill
Introduced on 21 June 2018
Came into force on 12 April 2019
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Gina Martins
Upskirted twice at a festival in 2017
Charges were dropped
Used social media to change the law over the course of 20 months
Facebooked her experience
Online petition which gained 50000 signatures within days of release
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Punishment for Upskirting
Up to two years imprisonment
Hoped that through criminalising it it would deter others
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Scotland Upskirting Laws
Illegal since 2010
Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009
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Prosectution Prior to Criminalisation
Would occur under either the offence of outraging public decency or as a crime of voyeurism under the Sexual Offences Act
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Sunday Trading Laws
1994 - larger retailers were legally allowed to open their doors for trading
Six hours of business between 10am-6pm
Cannot open Easter Sunday or Christmas Day
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Why Laws Surrounding Shop Opening Changed?
Decrease in Christainty (Securalisation)
1938-2018 - numbers decreased below those who had no religion
2018 - over 50% of the population had no religion and just under 40% were Christain
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Will Shops Open on Sunday?
Many people are opposed to the idea
Keep Sunday Special (#KSS) 91% of shop workers do not want longer hours and 85% of the general population are opposed to it
Harmful to small businesses
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Eugenics

Back

Improving the genetic quality of the human population - Francis Galton

Card 3

Front

The 'Master Race'

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Lombroso

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Eugenics in Britain

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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