A method where people are asked to state/explain their own feelings, opinions or experiences related to a given topic.
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Questionnaire
A set of written questions/items which assesses a person's thoughts and/or experiences.
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ADV - Questionnaires
Cost-effective. Gather large amounts of data quickly. Can be completed without researcher (through post) - reduced effort. Easy to analyse and compare - graphs and charts.
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DISADV - Questionnaires
People not always truthful - subject to demand characteristics/social desirability bias - presenting self in positive light. Response bias - continuously produce similar answers.
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Open Question
Produces a free response; does not have a fixed range of answers. Produces qualitative data.
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Closed Question
Has a fixed number of responses, i.e. scores or yes/no. Produces quantitative data.
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Interview
A "live" encounter (in person/on phone) where interviewer asks interviewee a set of questions on their thoughts/experiences.
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Structured Interviews
Has a pre-determined set of questions that are asked in a fixed order.
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ADV - Structured Interviews
Easy to replicate (due to standardisation) - reduces differences between interviewers.
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DISADV - Structured Interviews
Interviewers are limited - cannot elaborate their points.
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Unstructured Interviews
Free-flowing interaction, with encouragement to expand and elaborate on answers.
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ADV - Unstructured Interviews
Flexible, can add follow-up points = gain further insight.
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DISADV - Unstructured Interviews
Researcher has to "sift" through irrelevant information. Drawing conclusions may be difficult. PPTS may lie for social desirability.
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Semi-structured Interviews
Where some questions chosen in advance bur interviewer can ask follow-up questions when appropriate.
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Card 2
Front
Questionnaire
Back
A set of written questions/items which assesses a person's thoughts and/or experiences.
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