Issues of reliability, validity and sampling

Created by: RadicalPiffle
Created on: 07-05-15 10:03

Experimental research (reliability)

Reliability refers to ability to repeat study and obtain same result (replication). Essential all conditions remain the same.

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Observational techniques (reliability)

Observations should be consistent. Inter-observer reliability: calculated by total agreements to total observations. Result of > 0.80 good i-o reliability. Can be improved via training to use coding system/ behaviour checklist

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Self-report techniques (reliability)

Internal reliability: measure extent to which something is consistent within, e.g. Qs on IQs should all measure same thing. External validity: measure of consistency over several occasions.

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Inter-interviewer reliability / inter-rater reliability (reliability)

Whether two interviewers produce same outcome

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Split-half method (reliability)

Compare person's performance on two halves of questionnaire/test. Should be close correlation in scores derived from each half. - internal reliability

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Test-retest method (reliability)

Questionnaire/test/interview repeated after reasonable interval. Outcome should be the same

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Validity

Internal validity - researcher tested what they intended to test / External internal - extent results can be generalised

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Experimental research (validity)

Some lab experiments have high external validity, where lab setting not relevant to behaviour observed. Important to consider: if task was artificial (rather than setting) and thus low in mundane realism - reduces generalisability

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Observational techniques (validity)

Internal validity - observations will not be valid/reliable if coding system/ behaviour checklist is flawed. Internal validity - also affected by observer bias

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Self-report techniques (validity)

Face validity - does the test look like it is measuring what the researcher intended. Concurrent validity - comparing performance on a new test with a previous established test on same topic; if participants' performance show high correlation.

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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Observational techniques (reliability)

Card 3

Front

Internal reliability: measure extent to which something is consistent within, e.g. Qs on IQs should all measure same thing. External validity: measure of consistency over several occasions.

Back

Card 4

Front

Whether two interviewers produce same outcome

Back

Card 5

Front

Compare person's performance on two halves of questionnaire/test. Should be close correlation in scores derived from each half. - internal reliability

Back

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Issues of reliability, validity and sampling