self regulation

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Define self regulation
controlling thoughts, feelings and behaviour in order to achieve goals
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therefore, successful self regulation leads to what
successfully pursing goals
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self regulation might also be referred to as what 2 things
willpower or self control
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self regulation ability can do what
predict life outcomes
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poor self regulation is likely to predict what 3 things
obesity, smoking and alcohol abuse
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good self regulation is likely to predict what 5 things
psychological well being, physical well being, social wellbeing, academic achievement and job prospects
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what is interesting about the last one
self regulation is better at predicting academic achievement than IQ
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who did the first famous self regulation experiment
Mischel
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What was it called
the marshmellow test
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it was actually what
a marshmellow, pretzel or oreo
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how long did they have to wait
15 minutes
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what did Mischel try to do
promote longer waiting
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what was a strategy
told children to think of marshmellow as a cloud
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why did he do this
'the ability to delay gratification is key for a successful life'
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the kids who ate the marshmelllow quickest showed what 3 outcomes at adolscence
worse academic achievement, social outcomes and behavioural problems
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the kids who ate the marshmelllow quickest showed what e outcomes at adulthood
lower income, lower self esteem, more likely to take drugs, be obese and get divorced
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what is another measure of self regulation
trait self control questionnaire
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a meta analysis found what
strong predictor of life outcomes
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therefore what is an important question
why do people fail at self regulation
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what model is relevant
model of action phases
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what is it a model of
the stages towards achieving goals
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what are the four stages
pre decisional phase, preactional phase, actional phase and post actional outcome
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what are three milestone inbetween
decision, action initiation, action outcome
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give 3 reasons why people might fail at the predecisional phase
unrealistic goall, do not have skills for the goal, the goal wont actually make us happy
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what is linked to the last reason
affective forecasting
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what is effect affective forecasting
prediction of future emotional state
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name two examples of negative forecasting
immune neglect, immune bias
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what is immune neglect
over estimating future negative affect, underestimating ability to cope
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what is immune bias
over focusing on how one behaviour might make us feel, and ignoring others
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what does al of this forecasting do
makes us make the wrong goals
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who gave evidence to show that what predict might make us happy is not always correct
Dunn et al
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what did he give his participants
money
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what were the two spending conditions in the 1st study
spending money on others vs spending money on selves
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what were the two spending conditions in the 2nd study
spending money on material possessions or spending money on experiences
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what were the two spending conditions in the 3rd study
spending money on lots of little things or on one big thing
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now for all circle in red the one that was thought to produce more happiness, circle in green the one that really did
...
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what is connected to the preactional phase failure
planning fallacy
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what is planning fallacy
the tendancy to believe that ones own projects will go as planned
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EVEN THOUGH...
others dont and own hasnt in the past
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we focus too much on what
future plans
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and not enough on what
past behaviour
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who is more accurate in predicting if we will fail or succeed
friends
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who gave evidence to support this
Beuhler et al
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who did he study
psychology students
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about what
submission date of thesis
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he made the students take what 3 estimates
most accurate estimate, most optimistic estimate, most pessimistic estimate
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the real date was closest, but still more than, which estimate
pessimistic
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however Matthews et al found what
pessimists have negative over all mood and higher blood pressure than optimists
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even people with good self regulation fail at which phase
actional
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who made a model about failure here
Baumeister
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what was it called
strength model
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what is baumeisters analogy of self control
a muscle
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explain the anaology
when you excericise, you tire your muscles out but over time, your muscles become stronger
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therefore self control is a ____ resource
limited
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current self control is influenced by what two things
trait self control and recent activity
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therefore there are not just _____ people differences but ____ people differences
between, within
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give 2 studies as evidence
dual task paradigm, cookies and impossible task RT time, and Suppresing forbidden thoughts weakened ability to stifle laughter after
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these are examples of what
ego depletion
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what is physiological evidence for ego depletion
act of self control reduces blood glucose levels
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what radical thought does baumeister have
there are some levels of depletion where people cannot control themselves no matter what is at stake
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can people improve self regulation
yes
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who gave evidence for this
Linebarger, Arieely and Brien
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Linebarger got children to watch what
cookie monster episode that promotes self regulation
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what did it do
increase waiting time in marshmellow experiment
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Areiely found what helps self regulation
pre-commitment
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what pre-commitment did they give
early deadlines
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students who did this did better than what
students who didnt
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Brien et al found what helps promote self regulation
self compassion
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self compassion means you should be ____ to yourself after ___ and try to _____
kinder, failure, continue
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what is the opposite of this
what the hell effect
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Brien et al did a what
self compassion intervention
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their participants took part in a what
difficult test
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what were the 3 conditions
self esteem, self compassion or control
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people in the self compassion condition did what
studied harder for second test and therefore did better
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mischel saw self regulation as a ____ trait but not a ___ one
important but fixed
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Baumeisters opinion on self regulation is what
its an overwhemingly beneficial trait that has no appararent disadvantage
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however who found evidence to dispute all of this
Newman
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what did he find
low anxious psychopahts showed superior performance on delay gratificaiton
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this might show the distinction between what
successful self control and unsuccessful self control
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

therefore, successful self regulation leads to what

Back

successfully pursing goals

Card 3

Front

self regulation might also be referred to as what 2 things

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

self regulation ability can do what

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

poor self regulation is likely to predict what 3 things

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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