What did Brewer and Gardner (1996) say about types of self?
There were 3 types
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What is the first type of self?
Individual
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What does this mean?
Personal traits that distinguish you from others (friendly)
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What is the second type of self? What does it mean?
Relational - dyadic relationships that assimilate you to others (mum
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What is the third type of self?
Collective - group membership (academic)
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What other two types of self?
Private (thoughts, feelings, attitudes) and Public (social image) self
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What can public self, be?
Evaluated by others, enjoy success and adhere to social standards of behaviour
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What is self awareness?
Realisation of being individual, mirror test.
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What is chronic self awareness?
Very stressful, constantly aware of short comings, Avoidance behaviour, suicide
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What is reduced self-awareness
Deindividuation, no monitoring of own behaviour
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What is the characteristics of Chronically aware?
Heightenned private, more intense emotions, accurate self perception, adhere to personal beliefs, less stress related illness such as depression and neuroticism
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What are the characteristics of self conscious?
Heightened public, focus on perception by others, nervousness, loss of self-esteem, ashere to group norms, avoid embarrassment, concern with physical appearance, both self and others
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What is self schematic?
Important part of self-concept
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What is Aschematic?
Not that important to me
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Who created the control theory of self regulation?
Carver and Scheier
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What is the control theory of self regulation?
Self awareness; assess whether goals met, test - operate to change-test-exit, private/public standard
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Who created the Self discrepancy theory?
higgins
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What is it?
Actual (present), ideal (llike to be), ought (should be), motivate change and if fail; actual -ideal: dejection (Disapointment), actual-ought: agitation (anxiety)
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Who created Social comparison theory?
Festinger
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What is it?
objective benchmark in similar people, for performance generally downward comparison, upwards in some situations
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Who created the self evaluation maintenance?
Tesser
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What was created under the self evaluation maintenance theory?
Personal identity: unique personal attributes, relationships and traits and social identity: defines self by group membership --> associated with inter group behaviour, group norms
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Who created the self categorisation theory?
Turner et al
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What is the self categorisation theory about?
self-categorisation to groups, internalise group attributes, collective self, social identity. If group categorisation too salient, perception of self and others become depersonalised
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What are the three main self motives?
Self assessment, self verification and self enhancement
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What is self assessment?
Desire for accurate and valid info, seek out the truth about self
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What is self verification?
Desire to confirm what they know, seek out consistency about self
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What is self enhancement?
Desire to maintain good image, seek favourable info about self,
Self enhancing triad, psychologically adaptive, high self esteem if volatile problematic, social identity --> validate self concept
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What is the self-enhancing triad?
overestimate positive aspects, overestimate control over events, unrealistic optimism
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What is an individualistic culture?
Independent self, focus on internal traits, feelings, thoughts, abilities, unitary and stable across situations, acting true to internal beliefs and feelings, promoting own goals and differences from others
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What is a collectivist culture?
Interdependent self, connected with others, represented in terms of roles and relationships, fluid and variable self, changing across situation, belonging and fittinf in
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the first type of self?
Back
Individual
Card 3
Front
What does this mean?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is the second type of self? What does it mean?
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