Week 2 - The childhood development of the self concept
- Created by: Shannon
- Created on: 05-04-16 13:05
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- Week 2 - Childhood development of self-concept
- Self-awareness
- Bodily self-awareness
- Distinction between your own body and other aspects of the enviroment
- The Mirror Test
- Assesses a child's ability to recognize herself in a mirror
- Was originally developed for examining self-awareness in primates
- Adult places dot on child's nose or forehead
- Child is then placed in front of a mirror and their reactions are monitored
- Findings
- 18 mnths: 25% of children recognize the reflection as their own body
- 20-24mths: 50% show evidence of bodily self-recognition
- 30mths:Most pass the mark test
- 20-24mths: 50% show evidence of bodily self-recognition
- 18 mnths: 25% of children recognize the reflection as their own body
- Assesses a child's ability to recognize herself in a mirror
- Social self-awareness
- Self-other distinction
- Enables effective interaction with others
- Neccessary for self-regulation
- Adopting socially appropriate behaviour and attitude
- Neccessary for self-regulation
- Enables effective interaction with others
- Two primary indicators
- Correct use of personal pronouns (I, ME, YOU, MINE)
- The emergence of self-conscious emotional responses
- Understanding how we may appear to others - pride, shame, guilt
- Evident by 15-24mnths
- Understanding how we may appear to others - pride, shame, guilt
- The emergence of self-conscious emotional responses
- Correct use of personal pronouns (I, ME, YOU, MINE)
- Self-other distinction
- Introspective self-awareness
- Awareness of one's own mental states, beliefs, feelings and desires
- Requires ability to recognize and describe internal experiences rather than external appearances
- Also requires social self-awarensss
- Requires ability to recognize and describe internal experiences rather than external appearances
- THEORY OF MIND
- An understanding that my experiences are mine and that other people may see things differently
- Assessed using a false belief task
- Young children assume that other people see and feel the same as them = EGOCENTRISM
- Awareness of one's own mental states, beliefs, feelings and desires
- Bodily self-awareness
- Self-description - Susan Harter
- 2-4 - Describe themselves in concrete terms
- Unrealistically positive about themselves
- Try to impress audience - impression management
- Self descriptions are disparate
- Age 5-7: Grouping aspects of the self
- Self-descriptions rely on personal experiences
- Private vs purely public self
- Age 8-10: Emergence of social aspects of the social concept
- Focus on internal psychological traits and emotions
- Able to distinguish real and ideal self
- Focus on internal psychological traits and emotions
- Self-descriptions rely on personal experiences
- Unrealistically positive about themselves
- 2-4 - Describe themselves in concrete terms
- Self-regulation
- The ability to over-ride impulses in order to engage in intentional behaviour
- Marshmallow test
- Bodily self-regulation
- Learned through observation and modelling
- Socio-emotional self-regulation
- Ability to suppress emotions // delay gratification
- Cognitive self-regulation
- Ability to pay attention and hold information in mind
- The ability to over-ride impulses in order to engage in intentional behaviour
- Self concept in atypical developing children
- Down Syndrome
- Varying levels of cognitive impairment
- Difficulty with fine motor coordination
- Difficulty with language
- Pass the mark test when they reach the mental age of 18 mnths
- Difficulty with fine motor coordination
- Varying levels of cognitive impairment
- Autistic spectrum disorder
- Difficulties with social interaction
- Delayed language development
- Extreme egocentrism
- Delayed language development
- Pass the mark test at the same time as TD children
- Has difficulty with personal pronouns
- Does not interact with own self-image
- Has difficulty with personal pronouns
- Difficulties with social interaction
- Milwood et al (2000)
- Trip to countryside
- Paired children with ASD and TD
- Researcher asked children what had happened and who had experienced it
- Paired children with ASD and TD
- Findings
- TD: Accurately remembered who did what
- Remembered more of the activities in which they had personally been involved in
- ASD
- less accurately remembered who had done what
- Remembered more of that their partner had been involved in than they had been involved in
- less accurately remembered who had done what
- TD: Accurately remembered who did what
- Trip to countryside
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Developmental disorder
- Problems with bodily, social and cognitive self-regulation
- Symptoms must be observed for more than 6 months
- Must cause problems in child's social, academic and work life
- Untitled
- Developmental disorder
- Down Syndrome
- Self-awareness
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