Selective Attention

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  • Created by: Yasmetron
  • Created on: 20-01-23 14:14
What did Cherry (1953) show?
- dichotic listening
- shadow the message to one ear and ignore the message Ito the other ear
-participants didn't notice anything in the unattended ear (no semantic info)
- they only noticed the gender of the speaker and whether it was speech or non-spee
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What is the early selection model?
Broadbent (1958)
- filtering occurs at an early stage of analysis (prior to meaning)
- brain filters out any message not having appropriate physical characteristics
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What did Moray (1959) find?
• Two alternative forced choice procedure
• Even a word repeated 35 times was not recognized
• BUT if that word was the participant’s own name, they often did report hearing it
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What did Gray & Wedderburn (1960) study and find?
- conducted the split-span experiment where in one ear it would be word, number word and in the other ear the opposite
- they had to repeat what they heard
- 40% reported by ear
- 60% reportedly meaning
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what is the late selection model?
Deutsch & Deutsch (1963)
• All inputs are encoded and analysed in parallel to a semantic level
• Selective filtering only occurs at the stage
of conscious awareness
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what did Corteen & Dunn (1974) study and find?
• 42% of city names in ‘unattended’ ear elicit a GSR (30% for non shock- associated city names)
• On only 2% of these trials did the participant make a button press response
• Different measures of awareness of ‘unattended’ stimuli give different results
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What is the attenuator model?
Treisman (1964)
• Unattended information is ‘attenuated’ (not filtered out completely)
• All inputs are analysed for meaning (but some signals are now weaker than others)
• The dictionary analysis units act as the final filter
• Different words have diffe
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What did Simons & Chabris (1999) study and find?
• Around 50% of people fail to notice the gorilla when attending to the team in white T-shirts
• More likely to notice if carrying out an ‘easy’ task than if carrying out a ‘hard’ task
• More likely to notice gorilla if attending to team in black T-shirts
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what is a problem video tasks?
Eye movements related to attended events might reduce acuity for unattended events
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what did Rock and Gutman (1981) find?
• Attend to shapes in one colour and rate their pleasant/unpleasantness
• People unable to recognize shapes in ‘unattended’ colour (even if familiar)
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What is high perceptual load?
High perceptual load in relevant task leaves no spare capacity for processing task-irrelevant stimuli
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what is low perceptual load
Low perceptual load leaves spare capacity which “spills over” involuntarily to the processing of task- irrelevant stimuli
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what did Rees, Frith & Lavie (1997) study and find?
fMRI study of perceptual load
•Low load: respond to uppercase words
•High load: respond to bisyllabic words
•IGNORE irrelevant motion in background
• fMRI: more activity in cortical area V5 (‘motion area’) under low (vs. high) load
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the early selection model?

Back

Broadbent (1958)
- filtering occurs at an early stage of analysis (prior to meaning)
- brain filters out any message not having appropriate physical characteristics

Card 3

Front

What did Moray (1959) find?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did Gray & Wedderburn (1960) study and find?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is the late selection model?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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