1967- Outer Space Treaty 1968- Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
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SALT I
1972- limited the number of missiles that they could produce, nuclear submarines could only be made to replace useless ones
2 of 27
Helsinki Conference
1975- most of Europe, America, USSR and Canada met up, agreed on security, co-operation and human rights
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Apollo-Soyuz Mission
1975- high point of detente, Soviet and American spacecraft docked in space
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Kabul Revolution
1978- communist revolution in Afghanistan led by Mohammed Taraki, new govt.=unstable=civil war, Hafizullah Amin sets up Islamic govt.
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USSR invasion of Afghanistan
1979- feared Amin= American spy, didn't want Islam spreading to satellite states, Babrak Karmal promised he could take back if supplied, thought USA wouldn't intervene
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Carter Doctrine
1980- said wouldn't allow USSR to gain control of oil-rich Persian Gulf region, trained+ supplied Islamic rebel group (Mujahideen)
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Second Cold War
1979-85- marked end of detente, Carter refused to sign SALT II, Olympic boycotts in 1980+ 1981
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Ronald Reagan
1981- became president of USA, wanted America to win the Cold War, thought detente had made America weak
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'Evil Empire' Speech
1983- said Cold War was a fight between good and evil, said America had moral duty to fight+ fought with God's blessing
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Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
1983- 'nuclear umbrella' over USA, intended to use lasers to intercept Soviet missiles, broke Outer Space Treaty
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Arms Race
USA now leading, USSR= don't have money or technology to keep up, can no longer compete in arms race
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Gorbachev
1985- became leader of USSR, wanted to be communism's saviour, little foreign policy experiance (called Reagan "mentally retarded"), Chernobyl became symbol for Soviet communism
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Gorbchev's New Thinking
Recognised Soviet economy= inefficient, many shortages, many had lost faith in Soviet communism
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Perestroika and Glasnost
Perestroika= restructuring of the economy to increase efficiency+ make more like capitalist, Glasnost= openness of the press and more freedom of speech
USA- less missiles, USSR- economy, technology, reputation
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Geneva Summit
1985- chance to meet face-to-face+ develop personal relationship, Reagan wanted to prove he was working for peace, Gorabchev wanted Reagan to drop SDI
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Reykjavik Summit
1986- Reagan wanted to stop all nuclear ballistic missiles, Gorbachev= reluctant b/c wants Reagan to drop SDI
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Washington Summit
1987- signed INF treaty, huge breakthrough in relations, got rid of all intermediate nuclear missiles (500-5500 km), Ist treaty to limit actual numbers owned
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Why relations changed
USA- public against arms race, saved money, liked Gorbachev, USSR- nuclear missiles= expensive/useless, couldn't recover otherwise, popularity= trade
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Gorbchev's attitude to East Europe
1989- 'Sinatra' Doctrine= do it your way, perestroika+ glasnost for satellite states, idealogy= smaller role in international affairs, withdrew troops
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Break-up of the Eastern Bloc
As more countries freed up became impossible to contain eg. Hungary's free elections let people reach the West
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Fall of the Berlin Wall
1989- Hungary's elections forced govt. to free up movement, declared border open, ten new openings made in few days
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End of Warsaw Pact
1991- designed for communist countries to fight together, many no longer communist= pointless, dissolved
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Overthrow of Gorbachev
1991- 'gang of eight' organised a coup, successful for 3 days, Boris Yeltsin= key in overthrowing coup
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Gorbachev's final days
1991- returned but now seemed weak, Yeltsin= hero, 25th December resigned and dissolved USSR
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
1972- limited the number of missiles that they could produce, nuclear submarines could only be made to replace useless ones
Back
SALT I
Card 3
Front
1975- most of Europe, America, USSR and Canada met up, agreed on security, co-operation and human rights
Back
Card 4
Front
1975- high point of detente, Soviet and American spacecraft docked in space
Back
Card 5
Front
1978- communist revolution in Afghanistan led by Mohammed Taraki, new govt.=unstable=civil war, Hafizullah Amin sets up Islamic govt.
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