Aims, Variables, and Hypotheses

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What is an Aim
A general statement to describe what the study intends to investigate
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What are variables
Any object, characteristic or event that varies in some way within the experiment
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What is a hypothesis
A precise, testable statement that predicts the findings of research
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What is a null hypothesis
A precise, testable statement that predicts that there will be no difference between the two conditions, no effect of the IV upon the DV
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Define directional (one tailed) hypothesis
sates exactly how the IV will effect the DV, e.g participants watching a horror film will correctly recall fewer words from a list than participants not watching a horror film
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Define non-directional (two-tailed) hypothesis
does not predict the direction of results, only states that the DV will be affected by the IV, e.g there will be a difference between participants who are watching a horror film and participants who are not in terms of correctly recalled words.
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What is a experimental hypothesis
A precise, testable statement that predicts that there will be a difference between the two conditions
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What is a test of difference
its research about establishing a difference between two groups
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What is a test of correlation
its research about establishing a correlation between two variables
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Give reasons for a direction hypothesis
the direction of results is clear because findings from previous research predict their likely direction
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Give reasons for a non-directional hypothesis
direction of results is unclear because no previous research has been done, unclear because previous research has shown conflicting findings, unclear because previous research has been heavily criticised
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What is an independent variable?
The variable that is chosen by the experimenter to be manipulated
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What is a dependant variable
The variable that is chosen by the experimenter to be measured
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Define Operationalisation
the act of putting the IV and DV into practise by making them measurable(with specific units of measurement)
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What are Extraneous variables
Any variable which, if not controlled by the experimenter, could affect the DV
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What are confounding variables
Any variable which was not controlled by the experimenter that has affected the DV in a systematic way
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are variables

Back

Any object, characteristic or event that varies in some way within the experiment

Card 3

Front

What is a hypothesis

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a null hypothesis

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Define directional (one tailed) hypothesis

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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